# Magic Angle Hierarchy in Twisted Graphene Multilayers

## TL;DR

This paper reveals a hierarchical relationship among magic angles in multilayer twisted graphene systems, showing how these angles relate to the bilayer case and enabling the tuning of multiple flat bands.

## Contribution

It introduces a mathematical hierarchy linking multilayer magic angles to the bilayer case and demonstrates tunability of flat bands in multilayer graphene.

## Key findings

- Magic angles in multilayer graphene relate to bilayer angles via specific mathematical sequences.
- Multiple flat bands can be achieved simultaneously by tuning the twist angles.
- For large layers, a continuum of magic angles exists for small twist angles.

## Abstract

When two monolayers of graphene are stacked with a small relative twist angle, the resulting band structure exhibits a remarkably flat pair of bands at a sequence of 'magic angles' where correlation effects can induce a host of exotic phases. Here, we study a class of related models of $n$-layered graphene with alternating relative twist angle $\pm \theta$ which exhibit magic angle flat bands coexisting with several Dirac dispersing bands at the Moir\'e K point. Remarkably, we find that the Hamiltonian for the multilayer system can be mapped exactly to a set of decoupled bilayers at {\it different} angles, revealing a remarkable hierarchy mathematically relating all these magic angles to the TBG case. For the trilayer case ($n = 3$), we show that the sequence of magic angle is obtained by multiplying the bilayer magic angles by $\sqrt{2}$, whereas the quadrilayer case ($n = 4$) has two sequences of magic angles obtained by multiplying the bilayer magic angles by the golden ratio $\varphi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2 \approx 1.62$ and its inverse. We also show that for larger $n$, we can tune the angle to obtain several narrow (almost flat) bands simultaneously and that for $n \rightarrow \infty$, there is a continuum of magic angles for $\theta \lesssim 2^o$. Furthermore, we show that tuning several perfectly flat bands for a small number of layers is possible if the coupling between different layers is different. The setup proposed here can be readily achieved by repeatedly applying the "tear and stack" method without the need of any extra tuning of the twist angle and has the advantage that the first magic angle is always larger than the bilayer case.