# Throughput reduction on an air-ground transport system by the simultaneous effect of multiple traveling routes equipped with parking sites

## TL;DR

This study models traffic flow on a two-route system with parking sites, revealing how particle distribution and parking capacity impact overall throughput, with implications for transport system efficiency.

## Contribution

It introduces a stochastic lattice model with parking sites and analyzes the combined effects of route distribution and parking capacity on throughput.

## Key findings

- Throughput peaks and then decreases after parking capacity is reached.
- Decreasing international route particles reduces its throughput and saturates domestic route throughput.
- Overall system throughput declines due to simultaneous effects of route distribution and parking constraints.

## Abstract

This paper examines the traffic flows on a two-dimensional stochastic lattice model that comprises a junction of two traveling routes: the domestic route and the international route each of which has parking sites. In our model, the system distributes the arrived particles to either of the two routes and selects one of the parking sites in the route for each particle, which stops at the parking site once during its travel. Because each particle has antennas in the back and front directions to detect other approaching particles, the effect of the volume exclusion of each particle extends in the moving direction. The system displays interesting behavior; remarkably, the dependence of the throughput on the distribution ratio of particles to the domestic route reduces after reaching the maximum parking capacity of the domestic route. Our simulations and analysis with the queueing model describe this phenomenon and suggest the following fact: As the distribution ratio of particles to the international route decreases, the throughput of the international route reduces, and simultaneously, that of the domestic route saturates. The simultaneous effect of the decrease and saturation causes a reduction in the throughput of the entire system.