# Measurement-induced cooling of a qubit in structured environments

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how periodic measurements can induce cooling of a qubit embedded in structured environments, identifying spectral conditions that enable effective temperature reduction below the bath temperature.

## Contribution

It introduces a spectral condition for cooling in structured baths using non-Markovian dynamics and extends understanding of measurement-induced thermodynamics in quantum systems.

## Key findings

- Cooling occurs when the spectral derivative exceeds a threshold.
- Modified Lorentzian and super-Ohmic spectra can facilitate cooling.
- A sharp high-frequency cutoff enhances cooling effectiveness.

## Abstract

In this work, we study the thermodynamics of a two-level system (qubit) embedded in a finite-temperature structured-bath under periodical measurements. The system under measurements will reach a quasi-steady state, whose effective temperature can be maintained lower than that of the surrounding environment. To study the influence of the environmental oscillators from different regimes of frequency on the qubit, the spectrum of the bath consisting of a large number of bosonic harmonic oscillators can be approximately divided into three parts according to their effects of cooling or heating. Due to the spectral analysis over the structured-bath based on the non-Markovian master equation beyond the rotating-wave approximation, we propose a sufficient cooling condition for the bath in the context of quantum non-selective measurement. It is consisted of two items: (i) the logarithmic derivative of the spectrum around the system transition frequency is large enough, at least larger than one half of the inverse temperature of the bath; (ii) the spectrum should have a sharp high-frequency cutoff that is not far-detuning from the system transition frequency. From this condition, we find that two popular types of spectra, i.e., the modified Lorentzian models and the super-Ohmic models, are available environments for cooling the open quantum system.