# Validation of Flow Models as New Simulation Approach for Parcel Handling in Bulk Mode

## TL;DR

This paper explores using flow models based on hyperbolic PDEs to simulate parcel handling of cubical cargo, extending their application beyond cylindrical cargo and validating results against experiments and DEM simulations.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel application of flow models for cubical cargo in parcel logistics and adapts parameters for this new scenario.

## Key findings

- Flow models accurately simulate cubical cargo bulk flow.
- Validation shows good agreement with experiments and DEM.
- Flow models are a viable alternative for parcel handling simulation.

## Abstract

Flow Models based on hyperbolic partial differential equations (conservation laws) are a well-established approach for the material flow simulation. Until now, they have been exclusively used for the simulation of cylindrical cargo. This paper investigates the application of flow models on cubical cargo as a new simulation approach for parcel logistics. Selected flow model parameters are adapted to cover this new situation. The simulation results of this macroscopic model are compared with the microscopic Discrete Element Method (DEM) where the cargo is approximated by superquadrics. An experimental setup especially designed for the validation of the considered flow model for cubical cargo bulk flow is presented. Results of the flow model are analyzed and validated against the results of experiment and DEM for the test setting.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1901.08482