Measurement of ${\rm D^0}$, ${\rm D^+}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$ and ${{\rm D^+}_s}$ production in pp collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{{\textit s}}~=~5.02~TeV}$ with ALICE

TL;DR

This paper reports detailed measurements of prompt D meson production in proton-proton collisions at 5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector, providing data for testing QCD models and aiding future nuclear modification studies.

Contribution

First detailed D meson production cross sections at 5.02 TeV with finer pT binning, enabling improved comparison with theoretical models and previous measurements.

Findings

Measured D meson cross sections across various pT ranges.

Compared results with 7 TeV data and QCD calculations.

Provided data for nuclear modification factor analysis.

Abstract

The measurements of the production of prompt ${\rm D^0}$, ${\rm D^+}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${{\rm D^+}_s}$ mesons in proton--proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reported. D mesons were reconstructed at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.5$) via their hadronic decay channels ${\rm D}^0 \to {\rm K}^-\pi^+$, ${\rm D}^+\to {\rm K}^-\pi^+\pi^+$, ${\rm D}^{*+} \to {\rm D}^0 \pi^+ \to {\rm K}^- \pi^+ \pi^+$, ${\rm D^{+}_{s}\to \phi\pi^+\to K^{+} K^{-} \pi^{+}}$, and their charge conjugates. The production cross sections were measured in the transverse momentum interval $0<p_{\rm T}<36~\mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^0}$, $1<p_{\rm T}<36~\mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^+}$ and ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and in $2<p_{\rm T}<24~\mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${{\rm D^+}_s}$ mesons. Thanks to the higher integrated luminosity, an analysis in finer $p_{\rm T}$ bins with respect to the previous measurements at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV was performed, allowing for a more detailed description of the cross-section $p_{\rm T}$ shape. The measured $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections are compared to the results at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and to four different perturbative QCD calculations. Its rapidity dependence is also tested combining the ALICE and LHCb measurements in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV. This measurement will allow for a more accurate determination of the nuclear modification factor in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions performed at the same nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy.

Figures

Tables

Table 1. Table 1: Summary of relative systematic uncertainties on D 0 superscript D 0 {\rm D^{0}} , D + superscript D {\rm D^{+}} , D ∗ + superscript D absent {\rm D^{*+}} , and D s + subscript superscript D s {\rm D^{+}_{s}} measurements in different p T subscript 𝑝 T p_{\rm T} intervals.

	$D^0$			$D^{+}$		$D^{\ast +}$		$D_s^{+}$
$p_T$ ($\mathrm{GeV}/c$)	0-0.5	2-2.5	10-12	2-2.5	10-12	2-2.5	10-12	2-3	8-12
Signal yield	9%	3%	2%	3%	3%	3%	1%	7%	3%
Tracking efficiency	3%	4%	5%	4.5%	7%	4%	5%	4.5%	7%
Selection efficiency	0	5%	3%	4%	3%	5%	1%	8%	5%
PID efficiency	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2.5%	0
$p_T$ shape in MC	0	0	0	1%	0	1%	0	1%	0
Feed-down	${}_{-1.3}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+1.1}$%	${}_{-4.3}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+3.6}$%	${}_{-5.3}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+3.8}$%	${}_{-2.8}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+2.4}$%	${}_{-3.1}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+2.3}$%	${}_{-3.5}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+3.0}$%	${}_{-2.5}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+1.8}$%	${}_{-3.3}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+2.8}$%	${}_{-4.5}{}^{}{}_{}{}^{+3.4}$%
Branching ratio	1.0%			3.1%		1.3%		3.5%
Luminosity	2.1%

Table 2. Table 2: Visible production cross sections of prompt D mesons in | y | < 0.5 𝑦 0.5 |y|<0.5 in pp collisions at s = 5.02 ​ TeV 𝑠 5.02 TeV \sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV} .

	Kinematic range	Visible cross section ($\mu b$)
$D^0$		$447\pm 20\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 30\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 9\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 5\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$
$D^{+}$		$144\pm 10\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 10\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 3\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 4\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$
$D^{\ast +}$		$143\pm 12\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 11\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 3\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 2\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$
$D_s^{+}$		$40\pm 4\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 4\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 1\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 1\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$

Table 3. Table 3: Ratios of the measured p T subscript 𝑝 T p_{\rm T} -integrated cross sections of prompt D mesons in | y | < 0.5 𝑦 0.5 |y|<0.5 in pp collisions at s = 5.02 ​ TeV 𝑠 5.02 TeV \sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV} .

	Kinematic range	Production cross section ratio
$\sigma \left(D^{+}\right)/\sigma \left(D^0\right)$		$0.43\pm 0.04\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.03\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 0.01\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$
$\sigma \left(D^{\ast +}\right)/\sigma \left(D^0\right)$		$0.43\pm 0.04\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.03\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 0.003\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$
$\sigma \left(D_s^{+}\right)/\sigma \left(D^0\right)$		$0.24\pm 0.02\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.02\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 0.01\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$
$\sigma \left(D_s^{+}\right)/\sigma \left(D^{+}\right)$		$0.56\pm 0.06\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.05\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 0.03\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$

Table 4. Table 4: Production cross sections of prompt D mesons in | y | < 0.5 𝑦 0.5 |y|<0.5 and full p T subscript 𝑝 T p_{\rm T} range in pp collisions at s = 5.02 ​ TeV 𝑠 5.02 TeV \sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV} .

	Extr. factor to $p_T>0$	($\mu b$)
$D^0$	${1.0000}_{-0.0000}^{+0.0003}$	$447\pm 20\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 30\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 9\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 5\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)$
$D^{+}$	${1.28}_{-0.09}^{+0.35}$	$184\pm 13\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 13\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 4\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 6{\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)}_{-13}^{+50}\left(\mathrm{extrap}\right)$
$D^{\ast +}$	${1.24}_{-0.08}^{+0.34}$	$178\pm 15\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 14\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 4\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 2{\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)}_{-12}^{+48}\left(\mathrm{extrap}\right)$
$D_s^{+}$	${2.35}_{-0.66}^{+0.78}$	$95\pm 9\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 10\left(\mathrm{syst}\right)\pm 2\left(\mathrm{lumi}\right)\pm 3{\left(\mathrm{BR}\right)}_{-26}^{+31}\left(\mathrm{extrap}\right)$

Equations

$$\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^2{\sigma }^{\mathrm{D}}}{\mathrm{d}{p}_{\mathrm{T}}\mathrm{d}y}=\frac{1}{c_{\Delta y}(p_{\mathrm{T}})\Delta p_{\mathrm{T}}}\cdot \frac{1}{\mathrm{BR}}\cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}{f_{\mathrm{prompt}}(p_{\mathrm{T}})\cdot N^{\mathrm{D}+\overline{\mathrm{D}},\mathrm{raw}}(p_{\mathrm{T}})|}_{|y|<y_{\mathrm{fid}}(p_{\mathrm{T}})}}{(\mathrm{Acc}\times ϵ{)}_{\mathrm{prompt}}(p_{\mathrm{T}})}\frac{1}{L_{\mathrm{int}}}.$$

$$F(d_0)=S\cdot \left[(1-f_{\mathrm{prompt}})F^{\mathrm{feed}\text{mbox}-\mathrm{down}}(d_0)+f_{\mathrm{prompt}}{F}^{\mathrm{prompt}}(d_0)\right]+B\cdot F^{\mathrm{backgr}}(d_0).$$

$${⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩}_{\mathrm{pp},5.02\mathrm{TeV}}^{\mathrm{prompt}{\mathrm{D}}^0}=2.06\pm 0.03(stat.)\pm 0.03(syst.)\text{leavevmode}\mathrm{GeV}/c,$$

$${⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩}_{\mathrm{pp},7\mathrm{TeV}}^{\mathrm{prompt}{\mathrm{D}}^0}=2.19\pm 0.06(stat.)\pm 0.04(syst.)\text{leavevmode}\mathrm{GeV}/c.$$

Full text

\PHyear2019 \PHnumber004 \PHdate19 January

\CollaborationALICE Collaboration

\ShortTitleD-meson production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$

The measurements of the production of prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons in proton–proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are reported. D mesons were reconstructed at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.5$) via their hadronic decay channels ${\rm D}^{0}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}$, ${\rm D}^{+}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}$, ${\rm D}^{*+}\to{\rm D}^{0}\pi^{+}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}$, ${\rm D^{+}_{s}\to\phi\pi^{+}\to K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{+}}$, and their charge conjugates. The production cross sections were measured in the transverse momentum interval $0<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^{0}}$, $1<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^{+}}$ and ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and in $2<p_{\rm T}<24\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons. Thanks to the higher integrated luminosity, an analysis in finer $p_{\rm T}$ bins with respect to the previous measurements at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ was performed, allowing for a more detailed description of the cross-section $p_{\rm T}$ shape. The measured $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections are compared to the results at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and to four different perturbative QCD calculations. Its rapidity dependence is also tested combining the ALICE and LHCb measurements in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$. This measurement will allow for a more accurate determination of the nuclear modification factor in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions performed at the same nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy.

1 Introduction

The study of the production of hadrons containing heavy quarks, i.e. charm and beauty, in proton–proton (pp) collisions at LHC energies is a sensitive test of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations with the factorisation approach. In this scheme, the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) differential production cross sections of hadrons containing charm or beauty quarks are calculated as a convolution of three terms: (i) the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the incoming protons, (ii) the partonic scattering cross section, calculated as a perturbative series in powers of the strong coupling constant $\alpha_{\rm s}$, and (iii) the fragmentation function, which parametrises the non-perturbative evolution of a heavy quark into a given species of heavy-flavour hadron. Factorisation is implemented in terms of the squared momentum transfer $Q^{2}$ (collinear factorisation) [1] or of the partonic transverse momentum $k_{\rm T}$ [2]. At LHC energies, calculations based on collinear factorisation are available in the general-mass variable-flavour-number scheme, GM-VFNS [3, 4, 5, 6], and in the fixed order plus next-to-leading logarithms approach, FONLL [7, 8], both of them having next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy with all-order resummation of next-to-leading logarithms. Within the $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation framework, heavy-flavour production cross-section calculations exist only at leading order (LO) approximation in $\alpha_{\rm s}$ [9, 10, 2]. All these calculations describe within uncertainties the production cross sections of D and B mesons measured in pp and ${\rm p\overline{p}}$ collisions in different kinematic regions at centre-of-mass energies from 0.2 to 13 TeV (see e.g. Ref. [11] and references therein). In the case of charm production, the uncertainties on the theoretical predictions, which are dominated by the choice of the scales of the perturbative calculation (e.g. the factorisation and renormalisation scales), are significantly larger than the uncertainties on the measured data points [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23]. However, as pointed out in Ref. [24], in the ratios of cross sections at different LHC energies and in different rapidity intervals the uncertainty due to choice of the factorisation and renormalisation scales becomes subdominant with respect to the uncertainty on the PDFs, thus making the measurement sensitive to the gluon PDF at small Bjorken-$x$ values. A precise measurement of the D-meson production cross sections down to $p_{\rm T}=0$ can therefore provide important constraints to perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations and to low-$x$ gluon PDFs. Furthermore, D-meson measurements in pp collisions represent an essential reference for the study of effects induced by cold and hot strongly-interacting matter in the case of proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions (see e.g. the recent reviews [11, 25, 26]).

In this article, the measurements of the $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections of prompt $\rm D^{0}$, $\rm D^{+}$, $\rm D^{*+}$, and $\rm D_{s}^{+}$ mesons (as average of particles and anti-particles) in pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ are reported together with their ratios. The measurements are performed at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in the transverse momentum intervals $0<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for $\rm D^{0}$ mesons, $1<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for $\rm D^{+}$ and $\rm D^{*+}$ mesons, and $2<p_{\rm T}<24\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for $\rm D^{+}_{s}$ mesons. The $p_{\rm T}$-integrated D-meson production cross sections per unit of rapidity is also reported for each D-meson species. The ratios of the $\rm D^{0}$, $\rm D^{+}$, and $\rm D^{*+}$-meson production cross sections measured at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [27] and $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ are presented as well, and compared to FONLL calculations. Finally, the ratios of $\rm D^{0}$-meson production cross sections at mid- and forward rapidity are also reported, using the measurements done at forward rapidity by the LHCb collaboration in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [22].

2 Experimental apparatus and data sample

The ALICE experimental apparatus is composed of a set of detectors for particle reconstruction and identification at mid-rapidity, embedded in a large solenoidal magnet that provides a $B=0.5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{T}$ field parallel to the beams. It also includes a forward muon spectrometer and various forward and backward detectors for triggering and event characterisation. A complete description and an overview of their typical performance in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions is presented in Refs. [28, 29].

The tracking and particle identification capabilities of the ALICE central barrel detectors were exploited to reconstruct the D-meson decay products at mid-rapidity. The Inner Tracking System (ITS), consisting of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors, is used to track charged particles and to reconstruct primary and secondary vertices. The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) provides track reconstruction with up to 159 three-dimensional space points per track, as well as particle identification via the measurement of their specific ionisation energy loss d$E$/d$x$. The particle identification capabilities of the TPC are complemented by the Time-Of-Flight detector (TOF), which is used to measure the flight time of the charged particles from the interaction point. These detectors cover the pseudorapidity interval $|\eta|<0.9$. The V0 detector, composed of two arrays of 32 scintillators each, covering the pseudorapidity ranges $-3.7<\eta<-1.7$ and $2.8<\eta<5.1$, provides the minimum-bias (MB) trigger used to collect the data sample. In addition, the timing information of the two V0 arrays and the correlation between the number of hits and track segments in the two innermost layers of the ITS, consisting of Silicon Pixel Detectors (SPD), was used for an offline event selection, in order to remove background due to the interaction between one of the beams and the residual gas present in the beam vacuum tube. In order to maintain a uniform acceptance in pseudorapidity, collision vertices were required to be within $\pm 10\leavevmode\nobreak\ \rm{cm}$ from the centre of the detector in the beam-line direction. The pile-up events (less than 1%) were rejected by detecting multiple primary vertices using track segments defined with the SPD layers. After the aforementioned selections, the data sample used for the analysis consists of about 990 million MB events, corresponding to an integrated luminosity $L_{\rm int}=(19.3\pm 0.4)$ nb*-1*, collected during the 2017 pp run at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV.

3 Data analysis

3.1 Analysis with D-meson decay vertex reconstruction

The D mesons and their charge conjugates were reconstructed via the decay channels ${\rm D}^{0}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}$ (with branching ratio, ${\rm BR}=3.89\pm 0.04\%$), ${\rm D}^{+}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}$ (${\rm BR}=8.98\pm 0.28\%$), ${\rm D}^{*+}\to{\rm D}^{0}\pi^{+}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}$ (${\rm BR}=2.63\pm 0.03\%$), and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}\to\phi\pi^{+}\to K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{+}}$ (${\rm BR}=2.27\pm 0.08\%$) [30]. The analysis was based on the reconstruction of decay vertices displaced from the interaction vertex, exploiting the separation of a few hundred $\mu$m induced by the weak decays of ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons ($c\tau\simeq 123$, 312, and 150 $\mu$m, respectively [30]). The ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ candidates were built combining pairs or triplets of tracks with the proper charge, each with $|\eta|<0.8$, $p_{\rm T}>0.3\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, at least 70 associated TPC space points, $\chi^{2}/{\rm ndf}<2$ in the TPC (where ndf is the number of degrees of freedom involved in the track fit procedure), and at least one hit in either of the two layers of the SPD. The ${\rm D^{*+}}$ candidates were defined by the combination of ${\rm D^{0}}$ candidates with tracks reconstructed with at least two points in the ITS, including at least one in the SPD, and $p_{\rm T}>$ 80 $\mathrm{MeV}/c$. As a consequence of these track selection criteria, the acceptance for D mesons decreases rapidly for $|y|>0.5$ at low $p_{\rm T}$ and for $|y|>0.8$ for $p_{\rm T}>5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$. Therefore, only D-meson candidates within a fiducial acceptance region, $|y|<y_{\rm fid}(p_{\rm T})$, were selected. The $y_{\mathrm{fid}}(p_{\rm T})$ factor was defined as a second-order polynomial function, increasing from 0.5 to 0.8 in the transverse momentum range $0<p_{\rm T}<5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, and a constant term, $y_{\mathrm{fid}}=0.8$, for $p_{\rm T}>5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$.

In order to reduce the combinatorial background and to increase the signal-over-background ratio ($S/B$), geometrical selections on the ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson decay topology were applied. In the ${\rm D}^{*+}\to{\rm D}^{0}\pi^{+}$ case, the decay vertex cannot be resolved from the primary vertex and geometrical selections were applied on the secondary vertex topology of the produced ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons. The selection requirements, tuned to provide a large statistical significance for the signal and to keep the selection efficiency as high as possible, were mainly based on the displacement of the tracks from the primary vertex ($d_{0}$), the distance between the D-meson decay vertex and the primary vertex (decay length, $L$), and the pointing of the reconstructed D-meson momentum to the primary vertex. Additional selection criteria, already introduced in Refs. [27, 31], were applied to ${\rm D^{+}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ candidates. These selections reject both combinatorial background and D mesons from beauty-hadron decays (selection efficiency reduced by 50% at high $p_{\rm T}$), denoted as “feed-down” in the following. For the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-candidate selection, one of the two pairs of opposite-sign tracks was required have a reconstructed ${\rm K^{+}K^{-}}$ invariant mass within $\pm 10\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{MeV}/c^{2}$ with respect to the PDG world average of the $\phi$ meson [30].

Further reduction of the combinatorial background was obtained by applying particle identification (PID) to the decay tracks, except for the soft-pion track coming from ${\rm D}^{*+}\to{\rm D}^{0}\pi^{+}$ decays. Pions and kaons were identified requiring compatibility with the respective particle hypothesis within three standard deviations ($3\,\sigma$) between the measured and the expected signals for both the TPC $\mathrm{d}E/\mathrm{d}x$ and the time-of-flight. Tracks without TOF hits were identified using only the TPC information with a $3\,\sigma$ selection, except for the decay products of ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ candidates with $p_{\rm T}<6\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, for which a $2\,\sigma$ selection was needed to suppress the larger fraction of combinatorial background in this mode.

The D-meson raw yields, including both particles and antiparticles, were obtained from binned maximum likelihood fits to the invariant-mass ($M$) distributions of ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ candidates and to the mass difference $\Delta M=M(\mathrm{K}\pi\pi)-M(\mathrm{K}\pi)$ distributions of ${\rm D^{*+}}$ candidates, in the transverse-momentum intervals $0.5<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for $\rm D^{0}$ mesons, $1<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for $\rm D^{+}$ and $\rm D^{*+}$ mesons, and $2<p_{\rm T}<24\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for $\rm D^{+}_{s}$ mesons. The signal extraction was performed in finer $p_{\rm T}$ bins with respect the previous measurements at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [27], allowing for a more detailed description of the cross-section $p_{\rm T}$ shape. The fit function was composed of a Gaussian for the description of the signal and of an exponential term for the background of ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ candidates, and of a threshold function for ${\rm D^{*+}}$ candidates [27]. For the ${\rm D^{0}}$ meson, the contribution of signal candidates present in the invariant-mass distribution with the wrong decay-particle mass assignment (reflections) was included in the fit. It was modelled based on the invariant-mass distributions of the reflected signal in the simulation, which were parametrised as the sum of two Gaussian functions. The contribution of reflections is about $2\%-3\%$ of the raw signal depending on $p_{\rm T}$. For the $M({\rm KK\pi})$ distribution, an additional Gaussian was used to describe the signal of the decay ${\rm D^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}K^{-}\pi^{+}}$, with a branching ratio of ($9.51\pm 0.34)\cdot 10^{-3}$ [30], present on the left side of the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson signal. Figure 1 shows the invariant mass (mass-difference) distributions together with the result of the fits, in $1.5<p_{\rm T}<2\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, $16<p_{\rm T}<24\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, $7<p_{\rm T}<7.5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, and $3<p_{\rm T}<4\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ intervals for ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ candidates, respectively. The statistical significance of the observed signals, $S/\sqrt{(S+B)}$, varies from 4 to 28, depending on the meson species and on the $p_{\rm T}$ interval. The $S/B$ values obtained applying the selections described above are 0.01–1.85 for ${\rm D^{0}}$, 0.5–2.2 for ${\rm D^{+}}$, 0.3–4.2 for ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and 0.3–2.2 for ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons, depending on $p_{\rm T}$.

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross section of prompt D mesons in each $p_{\rm T}$ interval was computed as:

[TABLE]

The raw yield values (sum of particles and antiparticles, $N^{\rm D+\overline{D},raw}$) were divided by a factor of two and multiplied by the prompt fraction $f_{\rm{prompt}}$ to obtain the charged-averaged yields of prompt D mesons. Furthermore, they were divided by the acceptance-times-efficiency of prompt D mesons $(\rm Acc\times\epsilon)_{\rm{prompt}}$, the BR of the decay channel, the width of the $p_{\rm T}$ interval ($\Delta p_{\rm T}$), the correction factor for the rapidity coverage $c_{\Delta y}$, and the integrated luminosity $L_{\rm int}=N_{\rm ev}/\sigma_{\rm MB}$, where $N_{\rm ev}$ is the number of analysed events and $\sigma_{\rm MB}=(50.9\pm 0.9)$ mb is the cross section for the MB trigger condition [32].

The $(\rm Acc\times\epsilon)$ correction was obtained simulating pp collisions with the PYTHIA 6.4.25 event generator [33] (Perugia-11 tune [34]), and propagating the generated particles through the detector using GEANT3 [35]. Each simulated PYTHIA pp event contained a $\rm c\overline{c}$ or $\rm b\overline{b}$ pair, and D mesons were forced to decay into the hadronic channels of interest for the analysis. The luminous region distribution and the conditions of all the ALICE detectors in terms of active channels, gain, noise level and alignment, and their evolution with time during the data taking, were taken into account in the simulations.

Figure 2 shows the $(\rm Acc\times\epsilon)$ as a function of $p_{\rm T}$ for prompt and feed-down ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons within the fiducial acceptance region. The average larger displacement from the primary vertex of beauty hadrons due to their long lifetime ($c\tau\approx 500\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{\mu m}$ [30]) results in a more efficient selection of feed-down D mesons compared to prompt D mesons in most of the $p_{\rm T}$ intervals.

The correction factor for the rapidity acceptance $c_{\Delta y}$ was computed with the PYTHIA 6.4.25 event generator with Perugia-11 tune. It was defined as the ratio between the generated D-meson yield in $\Delta y=2\,y_{\rm fid}$, and that in $|y|<0.5$. It was checked that calculations of the $c_{\Delta y}$ correction factor based on FONLL pQCD calculations [8] or on the assumption of uniform D-meson rapidity distribution in $|y|<y_{\rm fid}$ would give the same result, because both in PYTHIA and in FONLL the D-meson yield is uniform within 1% in the range $|y|<0.8$.

The $f_{\rm prompt}$ fraction was calculated similarly to previous measurements (see e.g. Refs. [27, 31]) using the beauty-hadron production cross sections from FONLL calculations [7, 36], the $\mathrm{beauty\leavevmode\nobreak\ hadron}\rightarrow\mathrm{D}+X$ decay kinematics from the EvtGen package [37], and the efficiencies for feed-down D mesons reported in Fig. 2. The values of $f_{\rm prompt}$ range between 0.8 and 0.96 depending on D-meson species and $p_{\rm T}$.

3.2 Analysis without D-meson decay vertex reconstruction

A different analysis method, not based on geometrical selections of the displaced decay-vertex topology, was developed for the two-body decay ${\rm D}^{0}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}$ (and its charge conjugate) in order to extend the measurement of the cross section down to $p_{\rm T}=0$ [19]. Indeed, the poor track impact parameter resolution at very low $p_{\rm T}$ and the small Lorentz boost limit the effectiveness of the selections based on the displaced decay-vertex topology. Furthermore, geometrical selections based on the displacement of the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson decay vertex tend to enhance the contribution of feed-down D mesons, increasing the related systematic uncertainty. This alternative analysis technique is mainly based on particle identification and on the estimation and subtraction of the combinatorial background.

The ${\rm D^{0}}$ candidates were formed combining pairs of kaons and pions tracks with opposite charge sign, $|\eta|<0.8$, and $p_{\rm T}>0.3\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$. Track selection and pion and kaon identification were performed with the same strategy used in the analysis with decay-vertex reconstruction described in Section 3.1. The resulting ${\rm D^{0}}$ and $\overline{{\rm D^{0}}}$ candidates were selected by applying the same fiducial acceptance selection $|y|<y_{\rm fid}(p_{\rm T})$ adopted for the analysis with decay-vertex reconstruction. The invariant-mass distribution of K$\pi$ pairs was obtained in fourteen transverse momentum intervals, in the range $0<p_{\rm T}<12\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$. The background distribution was estimated with the track-rotation technique. For each ${\rm D^{0}}$ (and $\overline{{\rm D^{0}}}$) candidate, up to 19 combinatorial-background-like candidates were created by rotating the kaon track by different angles in the range between $\frac{\pi}{10}$ and $\frac{19\pi}{10}$ radians in azimuth. The left hand panel of Fig. 3 shows the invariant-mass distribution of opposite-sign K$\pi$ pairs together with that of the background estimated with the track-rotation technique in the interval $0<p_{\rm T}<0.5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$.

After subtracting the background distribution from the opposite-sign K$\pi$ invariant-mass distribution, the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson raw signal (sum of particle and antiparticle contributions) was extracted from the resulting distribution via a fit to the background-subtracted invariant-mass distribution, as reported in Fig. 3 (right panel) for the interval $0<p_{\rm T}<0.5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$. In the fit function, the signal was modelled with a Gaussian term, while the residual background with second-order polynomial function. The statistical significance of the signal extracted in $0<p_{\rm T}<0.5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ ($0.5<p_{\rm T}<1\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$) is $S/\sqrt{S+B}=5.2\leavevmode\nobreak\ (8.0)$.

The $({\rm Acc}\times\epsilon)$ correction factors of prompt and feed-down ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons were determined from the same Monte Carlo simulations as those used for the analyses with decay-vertex reconstruction. The $({\rm Acc}\times\epsilon)$ obtained with the two different analyses are compared in Fig. 4. For the analysis that does not exploit the selections on the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson decay vertex, the efficiency is higher by a factor of about 30 (3) at low (high) $p_{\rm T}$ and almost independent of $p_{\rm T}$. The mild increase with the increasing $p_{\rm T}$ is mainly determined by the geometrical acceptance of the detector. Unlike in the analysis with decay-vertex reconstruction, the efficiency is the same for prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$ and for feed-down ${\rm D^{0}}$, as expected when no selection is made on the displacement of the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson decay vertex from the interaction point.

The prompt fraction to the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson raw yield, $f_{\rm prompt}$, was estimated with the same FONLL-based approach used for the analysis with decay-vertex. The resulting $f_{\rm prompt}$ values decrease with increasing $p_{\rm T}$, from a value of about 0.95 for $p_{\rm T}<4\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ to about 0.90 in the interval $8<p_{\rm T}<12\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ and are larger compared to the analysis with decay-vertex reconstruction, due to the fact that the feed-down component is not enhanced by the topological selection criteria.

3.3 Measurement of the fraction of prompt D mesons

In order to cross-check the values obtained with the FONLL-based method of Section 3.1, the fractions of prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons in the raw yields, $f_{\rm prompt}$, were measured exploiting the different shapes for the distributions of the transverse-plane impact parameter to the primary vertex ($d_{0}$) of prompt and feed-down D mesons. The prompt fraction was estimated via an unbinned maximum-likelihood fit of the $d_{0}$ distribution of ${\rm D^{0}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ candidates with invariant mass $|M-M_{\mathrm{D}}|<2\sigma$ (where $\sigma$ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian function describing the D-meson signal in the invariant-mass fits), using the fit function

[TABLE]

In this function, $S$ and $B$ are the signal raw yield and background in the selected invariant-mass range, fixed to the values obtained from the invariant-mass fit; $F^{\rm prompt}(d_{0})$, $F^{\rm feed\mbox{-}down}(d_{0})$, and $F^{\rm backgr}(d_{0})$ are the functions describing the impact-parameter distributions of prompt and feed-down D mesons and background, respectively. The function $F^{\rm prompt}$ is a detector resolution term modelled with a Gaussian and a symmetric exponential term. The function $F^{\rm feed\mbox{-}down}$ is the convolution of a sum of two symmetric exponential functions ($F^{\rm feed\mbox{-}down}_{\rm true}$), which describe the intrinsic impact-parameter distribution of secondary D mesons from beauty-hadron decays, and the detector resolution term ($F^{\rm prompt}$). All the parameters of the $F^{\rm prompt}$ and $F^{\rm feed\mbox{-}down}_{\rm true}$ functions were fixed in the data fit to the values obtained by fitting the distributions from Monte Carlo simulations, except for the Gaussian width of the detector-resolution term, which was kept free in order to compensate a possible discrepancy between the impact-parameter resolution in the data and in the simulation. The distribution describing the combinatorial background was parameterised with a function composed of a Gaussian and symmetric exponential term ($F^{\rm backgr}$). The parameters were fixed to those obtained by fitting the impact-parameter distribution of background candidates in the side bands of the signal peak in the invariant-mass distributions. Figure 5 (left) shows examples of fits to the impact-parameter distributions of ${\rm D^{0}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons in the transverse-momentum intervals $3<p_{\rm T}<4\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ and $5<p_{\rm T}<6\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, respectively. For this study, wider $p_{\rm T}$ intervals were adopted compared to the analysis, due to the poor quality of the fit when reducing the sample. The ${\rm D^{0}}$ candidates used in the impact-parameter fit were selected with the same criteria described in Section 3.1. For the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons, the impact-parameter selection, used to extract the raw yield from the invariant-mass distribution, was not applied for this study. In this case, the prompt fraction, $f_{\rm prompt}$, was obtained by integrating the functions obtained from the fit in the restricted impact-parameter range used in the analysis.

The prompt fraction measured with the fits to the impact-parameter distributions of D-meson candidates has three main sources of systematic uncertainty, namely (i) the assumption on the shape of the impact-parameter distribution for each contribution (prompt D mesons, feed-down D mesons, and combinatorial background); (ii) the uncertainty on the signal and background yields extracted from the invariant-mass fits; and (iii) the consistency of the procedure, evaluated with a Monte Carlo closure test. These uncertainties were estimated with the procedures described in Ref. [19]. The total systematic uncertainty on $f_{\rm prompt}$ with the data-driven approach ranges, depending on $p_{\rm T}$, are between 1% and 9% for the ${\rm D^{0}}$ meson, and between 4% and 17% for the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ meson.

The prompt fractions in the raw yields of ${\rm D^{0}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons measured with the data-driven method are compared to those calculated with the FONLL-based approach in the right panels of Fig. 5 and found to be compatible within uncertainties. For the interval $24<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ ($16<p_{\rm T}<24\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$), given the poor precision of the impact-parameter fit, it was not possible to determine the data-driven prompt fraction for the ${\rm D^{0}}$ (${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$) meson.

4 Systematic uncertainties

Systematic uncertainties on the D-meson cross sections were estimated considering the following sources: (i) extraction of the raw yield from the invariant-mass distributions; (ii) track reconstruction efficiency; (iii) D-meson selection efficiency; (iv) PID efficiency; (v) the shape of the $p_{\rm T}$ spectrum generated for D mesons in the simulation; (vi) subtraction of the feed-down from beauty-hadron decays. In addition, the uncertainties on the branching ratios and on the integrated luminosity were considered. A summary of the systematic uncertainties is reported in Table 1 for different $p_{\rm T}$ intervals.

The systematic uncertainties on the raw yield extraction were evaluated by repeating the fits several hundred times varying the fit interval and the functional form of the background fit function. The same strategy was performed using a bin-counting method, in which the signal yield was obtained by integrating the invariant-mass distribution after subtracting the background, estimated from a fit to the side-bands only. The systematic uncertainty was defined as the RMS of the distribution of the signal yields obtained from all these variations and ranges between 1% and 9% depending on the D-meson species and $p_{\rm T}$ interval. This includes for the ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons a contribution of about 1% obtained by varying the ratio of the integral of the reflections to the integral of the signal and the shape of the templates used in the invariant-mass fits. For the background estimation of the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson analysis without decay-vertex reconstruction with the track-rotation technique, different configurations of the rotation angle were used. In addition, three alternative approaches were tested to estimate the background distribution: like-sign (LS) pairs, event mixing, and side-band fit [19]. The raw yield values obtained subtracting these alternative background distributions were found to be consistent with those from the default configuration of the track-rotation method within the uncertainty estimated by varying the fit conditions and therefore no additional systematic uncertainty was assigned.

The systematic uncertainty on the track reconstruction efficiency has two different contributions. The first one is estimated by varying the track-quality selection criteria and the second one is estimated by comparing the probability to match the tracks from the TPC to the ITS hits in data and simulation (matching efficiency). To obtain the matching efficiency, the abundances of primary and secondary particles in data were estimated via template fits to the track impact-parameter distributions, where the relative abundances in the simulation were weighted to match those in data [38, 27]. The estimated uncertainty, a quadratic sum of the two contributions, depends on the D-meson $p_{\rm T}$ and it ranges from 3% to 5% for the two-body decay of ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons and from 3.5% to 7% for the three-body decays of ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons.

The systematic uncertainty on the D-meson selection efficiency originates from imperfections in the simulation of the D-meson decay kinematics and topology and of the resolutions and alignments of detectors in the simulation. For the analyses with decay-vertex reconstruction, the systematic uncertainty was estimated by repeating the analysis with different sets of selection criteria, resulting in a significant modification of the efficiencies, raw yield, and background values. The systematic uncertainties are largest at low $p_{\rm T}$ (up to 5%), where the efficiencies are low and vary steeply with $p_{\rm T}$, because of the tighter geometrical selections. For the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ meson, for which more stringent selection criteria were used, slightly larger uncertainties were estimated, ranging from 5% at high $p_{\rm T}$ to 8% at low $p_{\rm T}$. In the case of the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson analysis without decay-vertex reconstruction, the stability of the corrected yield was tested against variations of the single-track $p_{\rm T}$ selection and no systematic effect was observed.

To estimate the uncertainty on the PID selection efficiency, the analysis was repeated without PID selection for the three non-strange D-meson species and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons with $p_{\rm T}>6\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$. The resulting cross sections were found to be compatible with those obtained with the PID selection and therefore no systematic uncertainty was assigned. For ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons with $p_{\rm T}<6\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ and the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson analysis without decay-vertex reconstruction, an analysis without applying PID selections could not be performed due to the insufficient statistical significance of the signal. The systematic uncertainty for low-$p_{\rm T}$ ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons was therefore estimated by comparing the pion and kaon PID selection efficiencies in the data and in the simulation and combining the observed differences using the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson decay kinematics [31]. A 3% systematic uncertainty was assigned for $4<p_{\rm T}<6\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$, and 2.5% for $p_{\rm T}<4\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$. For the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson analysis without decay-vertex reconstruction, compatible cross sections were obtained when using more stringent PID criteria. Based on this result and on the fact that the PID selections are the same as used in the analysis with decay-vertex reconstruction, no uncertainty due to PID was assigned.

The systematic uncertainty due to the generated D-meson $p_{\rm T}$ shape was estimated by using FONLL as an alternative generator with respect to PYTHIA to simulate the D-meson $p_{\rm T}$ distribution [15], and was found to be 0%–5% for $p_{\rm T}<3\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ and negligible at higher $p_{\rm T}$. The $p_{\rm T}$ shape of both considered distributions were found to be compatible with the measured one within uncertainties. Finally, the systematic uncertainty on the subtraction of feed-down from beauty-hadron decays (i.e. the calculation of the $f_{\rm prompt}$ fraction) was estimated by varying the FONLL parameters (b-quark mass, factorisation, and renormalisation scales) as prescribed in Ref. [8]. It ranges between ${}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}$% and ${}^{+4.4}_{-6.3}$% depending on the D-meson species and $p_{\rm T}$ interval.

The contributions of these different sources of uncertainties were summed in quadrature to obtain the total systematic uncertainty in each $p_{\rm T}$ interval, which varies from 6.5%–10.0%, 6.5%–10.5%, 5.4%–11.3%, and 8.7%–12.1% for the ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons, respectively. The systematic uncertainty on PID, tracking, and selection efficiencies are mainly correlated among the different $p_{\rm T}$ intervals, while the raw-yield extraction uncertainty is mostly uncorrelated. The $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections have an additional global normalisation uncertainty due to the uncertainties on the integrated luminosity [32] and on the branching ratios of the considered D-meson decays [30].

5 Results

5.1 Transverse momentum-differential cross sections

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross section for prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons in $|y|<0.5$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ was obtained from the analyses with and without decay-vertex reconstruction. The two results are compared in Fig. 6 with the inset showing their ratio in the common $p_{\rm T}$ range. In all the figures in this section, the vertical error bars represent the statistical uncertainties and the systematic uncertainties are depicted as boxes around the data points. In each $p_{\rm T}$ interval the symbols are positioned horizontally at the center of the bin and the horizontal bars represents the width of the $p_{\rm T}$ interval. The two results for prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson cross section are found to be consistent within statistical uncertainties, which are independent between the two measurements because of their very different signal-to-background ratios and efficiencies. The most precise measurement of the prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson production cross section is obtained using the results of the analysis without decay-vertex reconstruction in the interval $0<p_{\rm T}<1\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ and those of the analysis with decay-vertex reconstruction for $p_{\rm T}>1\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$.

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections for prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson production in $|y|<0.5$ are depicted in Fig. 7. The prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross section is compatible with the one measured by the CMS collaboration at the same centre-of-mass energy in $|y|<1$ and $2<p_{\rm T}<100\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ [20].

In Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 the measured prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections are compared with results of pQCD calculations performed with different schemes: FONLL [7, 8] (not available for the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ meson), two calculations using the GM-VNFS framework with different prescriptions to regulate the divergences at small transverse momentum, dubbed as GM-VFNS(mod-$\mu_{\rm R,F}$) [39, 40] and GM-VFNS(SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$) [6], and a calculation based on $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation [41]. The GM-VFNS(mod-$\mu_{\rm R,F}$) calculations were performed with a different choice of the factorisation and renormalisation scales ${\mu_{\rm F}}$ and ${\mu_{\rm R}}$ with respect to the GM-VFNS predictions of Ref. [5] that were compared in Ref. [27] to the cross sections measured at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$. With this modification of QCD scale, the calculations could be extended to lower $p_{\rm T}$. In GM-VFNS(SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$), the divergences of the heavy-quark PDFs and light-parton fragmentation functions at low $p_{\rm T}$ are regulated by the heavy-quark mass, thus allowing the calculation of the D-meson cross section down to $p_{\rm T}=0$. Note also that the authors of the $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation calculations changed the treatment of the running strong coupling constant $\alpha_{\rm S}$ and the gluon distributions [41], with respect to the predictions shown in Ref. [27]. In GM-VFNS(mod-$\mu_{\rm R,F}$) the value of charm mass is set to 1.3 $\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$, while in FONLL, GM-VFNS(SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$) and $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation predictions the mass is set to 1.5 $\mathrm{GeV}/c^{2}$. The four frameworks utilise different sets of PDFs (CTEQ6.6 [42], CTEQ14 [43], NNPDF3.1 [44] and MMHT2014 [45] for FONLL, GM-VFNS(mod-$\mu_{\rm R,F}$), GM-VFNS(SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$) and $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation, respectively) and different fragmentation functions. The theoretical uncertainties are estimated by varying the factorisation and renormalisation scales in FONLL, GM-VFNS(SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$) and $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation, while only the renormalisation scale ${\mu_{\rm R}}$ is varied in GM-VFNS(mod-$\mu_{\rm R,F}$). In FONLL and $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation calculations the charm-quark mass is also varied. The uncertainties on the PDFs are included in the GM-VFNS(SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$) and FONLL predictions. The theoretical calculations are performed in the same $p_{\rm T}$ intervals as the measurements, except for the first bin of the ${\rm D^{0}}$ prediction with GM-VFNS(mod-$\mu_{\rm R,F}$) that starts from 0.1 $\mathrm{GeV}/c$. The results of these calculations are shown as filled boxes spanning the theoretical uncertainties and a solid line representing the values obtained with the central values of the pQCD parameters.

The measured cross sections of non-strange D mesons are described within uncertainties by FONLL and the two GM-VFNS calculations. The data lie systematically on the upper edge of the uncertainty band of the FONLL predictions. For the two calculations in the GM-VFNS framework, the central values of the predictions tend to underestimate the data at low and intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ and to overestimate them at high $p_{\rm T}$. The $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation predictions describe the data at low and intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, but overshoots them for $p_{\rm T}>7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$. The ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson production tends to be underestimated by the three pQCD calculations in the measured $p_{\rm T}$ range.

The analysis without decay-vertex reconstruction provides also a direct measurement of the inclusive ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson cross section because no selections are applied on the decay topology, which alter the fraction of prompt and feed-down D mesons. The inclusive ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson cross section is shown in Fig. 12 and compared with results from FONLL calculations [7, 8] with the $\mathrm{B}\rightarrow\mathrm{D}+X$ decay kinematics from the EvtGen package [37]. The contributions of prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson poduction from FONLL and ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons from B-meson decays from FONLL+EvtGen are also shown separately. The measured cross sections are described by the calculation within the theoretical uncertainties, with the central value of the prediction lying below the data in all the $p_{\rm T}$ intervals, similarly to what observed for prompt D mesons.

The mean $p_{\rm T}$ of prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons, ${\langle p_{{\mathrm{T}}}\rangle}$, was evaluated for $p_{\rm T}>$0 with a fit of the prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson cross section, that is measured down to $p_{\rm T}$ = 0, using a power-law function, as was done in Ref. [27]. The result is:

[TABLE]

which is slightly smaller than the one computed for pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [27]:

[TABLE]

The systematic uncertainty on the ${\langle p_{{\mathrm{T}}}\rangle}$ was estimated as described in Refs. [19, 27]. The contributions due to the correlated and uncorrelated systematic uncertainties on the measured $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross section were taken into account separately and the contribution due to the choice of the fit function has been estimated by comparing results obtained using different functions and using a method based on direct calculations of ${\langle p_{{\mathrm{T}}}\rangle}$ from the data points.

5.2 D-meson cross-section ratios

The ratios of the $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections of prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV are reported in Fig. 13. In the evaluation of the systematic uncertainties on these ratios, the sources of correlated and uncorrelated systematic effects were treated separately. In particular, the contributions of the yield extraction and cut efficiency were considered as uncorrelated, while those of the feed-down from beauty-hadron decays and the tracking efficiency were treated as fully correlated among the different D-meson species. The measured D-meson cross-section ratios do not show a significant $p_{\rm T}$ dependence within the experimental uncertainties, thus suggesting no discernible difference between the fragmentation functions of charm quarks to pseudoscalar (${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$) and vector (${\rm D^{*+}}$) mesons and to strange and non-strange mesons. The results are compatible within uncertainties with the ratios measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV [27]111The cross section for ${\rm D^{0}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}}$ mesons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV were updated with respect to Ref. [27] to account for the change of the world-average BR of ${\rm D}^{0}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}$ and ${\rm D}^{+}\to{\rm K}^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}$ from ($3.93\%\pm 0.04$) to ($3.89\%\pm 0.04$), and from ($9.46\%\pm 0.24$) to ($8.98\%\pm 0.28$), respectively..

To study the evolution of prompt D-meson production with the centre-of-mass energy of the collision, the ratios of the production cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV [27] and $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV were computed for ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons. The systematic uncertainties on the measured ratios were obtained treating the contribution originating from the subtraction of the feed-down from beauty-hadron decays as correlated, while all the other systematic uncertainties on the cross sections were propagated as uncorrelated between the measurements at the two different energies, except for the uncertainty on the BR, which cancels out in the ratio. The results for ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$ and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ are compared in Fig. 14, on the left panel. The ratios for the different D-meson species are compatible within uncertainties. In the right panel, the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson results are compared to FONLL calculations, which describe consistently the increasing trend as a function of $p_{\rm T}$ observed in the data. In the FONLL predictions, the uncertainties originating from scale variations and from PDFs cancel out to a large extent in the ratio [24], thus making the magnitude of the theoretical uncertainties comparable with those of the data.

The rapidity dependence of ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ can be studied from the ratios between our measurements at midrapidity and the LHCb results in different $y$ intervals at forward rapidity [22]. The precise measurement of the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson cross section down to $p_{\rm T}=0$ presented in this paper, when analysed together with other results at different centre-of-mass energies and rapidities, can provide sensitivity to the gluon PDF at small values of Bjorken-$x$ ($10^{-4}$–$10^{-5}$) [24]. In Fig. 15 the ratios of the ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson production cross sections per unit of rapidity measured with ALICE at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.5$) and by the LHCb collaboration in three rapidity intervals at forward rapidity $2<y<2.5$ (left panel), $3<y<3.5$ (middle panel), $4<y<4.5$ (right panel) [22] are shown as a function of $p_{\rm T}$. The error bars and boxes represent the uncertainty obtained from the propagation of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively, from the $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections. The systematic uncertainties, including the one on the luminosity determination, were treated as uncorrelated between the ALICE and LHCb results, except for the uncertainty on the BR, which cancels out in the ratio. The central values and the uncertainties of the FONLL calculations are evaluated as described in Ref. [27]. The measured ratios are described by FONLL calculations, shown as red boxes in Fig. 15. Nevertheless the comparison seems to hint at a different slope in data with respect to FONLL, since at low (high) $p_{\rm T}$ the data tend to stay above (below) the FONLL central values, in all rapidity intervals.

5.3 Transverse momentum-integrated cross sections and ratios

The visible production cross sections of prompt D mesons were evaluated by integrating the $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections over the narrower $p_{\rm T}$ intervals of the ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson measurements, in the measured $p_{\rm T}$ range. The results are reported in Table 2. The systematic uncertainty was evaluated by propagating all the uncertainties as correlated among $p_{\rm T}$ intervals, except for the yield extraction uncertainty which is treated as uncorrelated owing to the bin-by-bin variation, significant especially at low $p_{\rm T}$, of S/B and background invariant-mass shape.

The ratios of the $p_{\rm T}$-integrated yields of the different D-meson species were computed from the cross sections integrated over the common $p_{\rm T}$ range. The systematic uncertainties on the ratios were computed treating the BR, yield extraction and cut efficiency uncertainties as uncorrelated among the different species and the other sources as correlated. The results are reported in Table 3.

The measured ratios are compatible within uncertainties with the results at $\sqrt{s}=2.76\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ and $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [16, 27] and with the measurements of the LHCb collaboration at forward rapidity ($2.0<y<4.5$) at three different collision energies $\sqrt{s}=5.02$, $7$, and $13\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [21, 22, 23].

The production cross sections per unit of rapidity, ${\rm d}\sigma/{\rm d}y$, at mid-rapidity were computed for each D-meson species by extrapolating the visible cross section to the full $p_{\rm T}$ range. The extrapolation factor for a given D-meson species was computed using the FONLL central parameters to evaluate the ratio between the total production cross section in $|y|<0.5$ and that in the experimentally covered phase space. It was verified that the extrapolation factors computed with FONLL were compatible with those resulting from GM-VFNS calculations. The systematic uncertainty on the extrapolation factor was estimated as proposed in Ref. [8], considering sources due to (i) the CTEQ6.6 PDFs uncertainties [42], (ii) the variation of the charm-quark mass and (iii) the renormalisation and factorisation scales in the FONLL calculation. For ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons, for which the measurement extends down to $p_{\rm T}=0$, the extrapolation factor accounts only for the very small contribution of D mesons with $p_{\rm T}>36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ and therefore its value is very close to unity with negligible uncertainty. The FONLL predictions are not available for ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons, hence in this case the central value of the extrapolation factor was computed as described in Ref. [27], combining the prediction based on the $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross section of charm quarks from FONLL, the fractions $f({\rm c\rightarrow{\rm D^{+}_{s}}})$ and $f({\rm c\rightarrow D_{\rm s}^{*+}})$ from ALEPH [46], and the fragmentation functions from Ref. [47], which have one parameter, $r$, that was set to 0.1 as done in FONLL [48]. An additional contribution to the systematic uncertainty was assigned based on the envelope of the results obtained using the FONLL $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections of non-strange D mesons to compute the ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$-meson extrapolation factor. The computed extrapolation factors and the prompt D-meson production cross sections per unit of rapidity ${\rm d}\sigma/{\rm d}y$ in $|y|<0.5$, are presented in Table 4.

In Ref. [27], the ${\rm c\overline{c}}$ production cross section per unit of rapidity at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.5$) and the total charm production cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ were reported. They were computed from the prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson production cross section, which was divided by the fraction of charm quarks hadronising into ${\rm D^{0}}$ mesons, $f(\rm c\rightarrow{\rm D^{0}})=0.542\pm 0.024$, derived in Ref. [49] by averaging the measurements in e+e- collisions at LEP. However, recent measurements of the $\rm\Lambda^{+}_{c}$ baryon production cross section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ and in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [50] show a significant enhancement of the $\rm\Lambda^{+}_{c}$/${\rm D^{0}}$ ratio for $p_{\rm T}>$1 GeV/$c$ as compared to the values measured in e+e- and ep collisions at lower centre-of-mass energies. This suggests that the fragmentation fractions of charm quarks into charmed baryons in pp collisions at LHC energies might differ significantly from the LEP results reported in Ref. [49] and that measurements of charmed-baryon production cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ are needed for an accurate calculation of the charm production cross section.

6 Summary

We have reported the measurement of the inclusive $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections of prompt ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.5$) in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=5.02\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$, obtained with the data collected at the end of 2017 with the ALICE detector. The measurement was performed in the transverse-momentum range $0<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^{0}}$, $1<p_{\rm T}<36\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^{+}}$ and ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and $2<p_{\rm T}<24\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{GeV}/c$ for ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons. It is measured in finer $p_{\rm T}$ bins with respect to the previous measurements at $\sqrt{s}=7\leavevmode\nobreak\ \mathrm{TeV}$ [27], providing a more detailed description of the cross-section $p_{\rm T}$ shape. The results were compared and found compatible with different pQCD calculations performed with different schemes: FONLL [7, 8], two calculations using the GM-VNFS framework with different prescriptions  [39, 40, 6], and a calculation based on $k_{\rm T}$-factorisation [41]. The ratios of ${\rm D^{0}}$-meson production cross sections measured with ALICE and LHCb in different rapidity intervals were compatible with FONLL calculations, indicating a slightly smaller slope in data with respect to theoretical predictions. The ratios of the cross sections of ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, and ${\rm D^{*+}}$ mesons at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV [27] and $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV are consistent with FONLL pQCD calculations. The ratios of the $p_{\rm T}$-differential cross sections of ${\rm D^{0}}$, ${\rm D^{+}}$, ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and ${\rm D^{+}_{s}}$ mesons were found to be compatible within uncertainties with the D-meson cross-section ratios measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV [27]. The new measurement will allow for a more accurate determination of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm pA}$ in p–Pb collisions and $R_{\rm AA}$ in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV, due to the larger statistics available and since it is performed at the same centre-of-mass energy of the other collision systems.

Acknowledgements

The ALICE Collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE Collaboration gratefully acknowledges the resources and support provided by all Grid centres and the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) collaboration. The ALICE Collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung für Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science & Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC) , China; Croatian Science Foundation and Ministry of Science and Education, Croatia; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergía, Cuba; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research — Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (DST), University Grants Commission, Government of India (UGC) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology , Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnología, through Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT) and Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics and Ministry of Research and Innovation and Institute of Atomic Physics, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russian Science Foundation and Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT) and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

Appendix A The ALICE Collaboration

S. Acharya\Irefnorg140&D. Adamová\Irefnorg93&S.P. Adhya\Irefnorg140&A. Adler\Irefnorg74&J. Adolfsson\Irefnorg80&M.M. Aggarwal\Irefnorg98&G. Aglieri Rinella\Irefnorg34&M. Agnello\Irefnorg31&Z. Ahammed\Irefnorg140&S. Ahmad\Irefnorg17&S.U. Ahn\Irefnorg76&S. Aiola\Irefnorg145&A. Akindinov\Irefnorg64&M. Al-Turany\Irefnorg104&S.N. Alam\Irefnorg140&D.S.D. Albuquerque\Irefnorg121&D. Aleksandrov\Irefnorg87&B. Alessandro\Irefnorg58&H.M. Alfanda\Irefnorg6&R. Alfaro Molina\Irefnorg72&B. Ali\Irefnorg17&Y. Ali\Irefnorg15&A. Alici\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg27,\Irefnorg53&A. Alkin\Irefnorg2&J. Alme\Irefnorg22&T. Alt\Irefnorg69&L. Altenkamper\Irefnorg22&I. Altsybeev\Irefnorg111&M.N. Anaam\Irefnorg6&C. Andrei\Irefnorg47&D. Andreou\Irefnorg34&H.A. Andrews\Irefnorg108&A. Andronic\Irefnorg143,\Irefnorg104&M. Angeletti\Irefnorg34&V. Anguelov\Irefnorg102&C. Anson\Irefnorg16&T. Antičić\Irefnorg105&F. Antinori\Irefnorg56&P. Antonioli\Irefnorg53&R. Anwar\Irefnorg125&N. Apadula\Irefnorg79&L. Aphecetche\Irefnorg113&H. Appelshäuser\Irefnorg69&S. Arcelli\Irefnorg27&R. Arnaldi\Irefnorg58&M. Arratia\Irefnorg79&I.C. Arsene\Irefnorg21&M. Arslandok\Irefnorg102&A. Augustinus\Irefnorg34&R. Averbeck\Irefnorg104&M.D. Azmi\Irefnorg17&A. Badalà\Irefnorg55&Y.W. Baek\Irefnorg40,\Irefnorg60&S. Bagnasco\Irefnorg58&R. Bailhache\Irefnorg69&R. Bala\Irefnorg99&A. Baldisseri\Irefnorg136&M. Ball\Irefnorg42&R.C. Baral\Irefnorg85&R. Barbera\Irefnorg28&L. Barioglio\Irefnorg26&G.G. Barnaföldi\Irefnorg144&L.S. Barnby\Irefnorg92&V. Barret\Irefnorg133&P. Bartalini\Irefnorg6&K. Barth\Irefnorg34&E. Bartsch\Irefnorg69&N. Bastid\Irefnorg133&S. Basu\Irefnorg142&G. Batigne\Irefnorg113&B. Batyunya\Irefnorg75&P.C. Batzing\Irefnorg21&D. Bauri\Irefnorg48&J.L. Bazo Alba\Irefnorg109&I.G. Bearden\Irefnorg88&C. Bedda\Irefnorg63&N.K. Behera\Irefnorg60&I. Belikov\Irefnorg135&F. Bellini\Irefnorg34&H. Bello Martinez\Irefnorg44&R. Bellwied\Irefnorg125&L.G.E. Beltran\Irefnorg119&V. Belyaev\Irefnorg91&G. Bencedi\Irefnorg144&S. Beole\Irefnorg26&A. Bercuci\Irefnorg47&Y. Berdnikov\Irefnorg96&D. Berenyi\Irefnorg144&R.A. Bertens\Irefnorg129&D. Berzano\Irefnorg58&L. Betev\Irefnorg34&A. Bhasin\Irefnorg99&I.R. Bhat\Irefnorg99&H. Bhatt\Irefnorg48&B. Bhattacharjee\Irefnorg41&A. Bianchi\Irefnorg26&L. Bianchi\Irefnorg125,\Irefnorg26&N. Bianchi\Irefnorg51&J. Bielčík\Irefnorg37&J. Bielčíková\Irefnorg93&A. Bilandzic\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg116&G. Biro\Irefnorg144&R. Biswas\Irefnorg3&S. Biswas\Irefnorg3&J.T. Blair\Irefnorg118&D. Blau\Irefnorg87&C. Blume\Irefnorg69&G. Boca\Irefnorg138&F. Bock\Irefnorg34&A. Bogdanov\Irefnorg91&L. Boldizsár\Irefnorg144&A. Bolozdynya\Irefnorg91&M. Bombara\Irefnorg38&G. Bonomi\Irefnorg139&M. Bonora\Irefnorg34&H. Borel\Irefnorg136&A. Borissov\Irefnorg143,\Irefnorg102&M. Borri\Irefnorg127&E. Botta\Irefnorg26&C. Bourjau\Irefnorg88&L. Bratrud\Irefnorg69&P. Braun-Munzinger\Irefnorg104&M. Bregant\Irefnorg120&T.A. Broker\Irefnorg69&M. Broz\Irefnorg37&E.J. Brucken\Irefnorg43&E. Bruna\Irefnorg58&G.E. Bruno\Irefnorg33&M.D. Buckland\Irefnorg127&D. Budnikov\Irefnorg106&H. Buesching\Irefnorg69&S. Bufalino\Irefnorg31&P. Buhler\Irefnorg112&P. Buncic\Irefnorg34&O. Busch\Irefnorg132\Areforg*&Z. Buthelezi\Irefnorg73&J.B. Butt\Irefnorg15&J.T. Buxton\Irefnorg95&D. Caffarri\Irefnorg89&H. Caines\Irefnorg145&A. Caliva\Irefnorg104&E. Calvo Villar\Irefnorg109&R.S. Camacho\Irefnorg44&P. Camerini\Irefnorg25&A.A. Capon\Irefnorg112&F. Carnesecchi\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg27&J. Castillo Castellanos\Irefnorg136&A.J. Castro\Irefnorg129&E.A.R. Casula\Irefnorg54&C. Ceballos Sanchez\Irefnorg52&P. Chakraborty\Irefnorg48&S. Chandra\Irefnorg140&B. Chang\Irefnorg126&W. Chang\Irefnorg6&S. Chapeland\Irefnorg34&M. Chartier\Irefnorg127&S. Chattopadhyay\Irefnorg140&S. Chattopadhyay\Irefnorg107&A. Chauvin\Irefnorg24&C. Cheshkov\Irefnorg134&B. Cheynis\Irefnorg134&V. Chibante Barroso\Irefnorg34&D.D. Chinellato\Irefnorg121&S. Cho\Irefnorg60&P. Chochula\Irefnorg34&T. Chowdhury\Irefnorg133&P. Christakoglou\Irefnorg89&C.H. Christensen\Irefnorg88&P. Christiansen\Irefnorg80&T. Chujo\Irefnorg132&C. Cicalo\Irefnorg54&L. Cifarelli\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg27&F. Cindolo\Irefnorg53&J. Cleymans\Irefnorg124&F. Colamaria\Irefnorg52&D. Colella\Irefnorg52&A. Collu\Irefnorg79&M. Colocci\Irefnorg27&M. Concas\Irefnorg58\AreforgI&G. Conesa Balbastre\Irefnorg78&Z. Conesa del Valle\Irefnorg61&G. Contin\Irefnorg127&J.G. Contreras\Irefnorg37&T.M. Cormier\Irefnorg94&Y. Corrales Morales\Irefnorg26,\Irefnorg58&P. Cortese\Irefnorg32&M.R. Cosentino\Irefnorg122&F. Costa\Irefnorg34&S. Costanza\Irefnorg138&J. Crkovská\Irefnorg61&P. Crochet\Irefnorg133&E. Cuautle\Irefnorg70&L. Cunqueiro\Irefnorg94&D. Dabrowski\Irefnorg141&T. Dahms\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg116&A. Dainese\Irefnorg56&F.P.A. Damas\Irefnorg113,\Irefnorg136&S. Dani\Irefnorg66&M.C. Danisch\Irefnorg102&A. Danu\Irefnorg68&D. Das\Irefnorg107&I. Das\Irefnorg107&S. Das\Irefnorg3&A. Dash\Irefnorg85&S. Dash\Irefnorg48&A. Dashi\Irefnorg103&S. De\Irefnorg85,\Irefnorg49&A. De Caro\Irefnorg30&G. de Cataldo\Irefnorg52&C. de Conti\Irefnorg120&J. de Cuveland\Irefnorg39&A. De Falco\Irefnorg24&D. De Gruttola\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg30&N. De Marco\Irefnorg58&S. De Pasquale\Irefnorg30&R.D. De Souza\Irefnorg121&H.F. Degenhardt\Irefnorg120&A. Deisting\Irefnorg104,\Irefnorg102&K.R. Deja\Irefnorg141&A. Deloff\Irefnorg84&S. Delsanto\Irefnorg26&P. Dhankher\Irefnorg48&D. Di Bari\Irefnorg33&A. Di Mauro\Irefnorg34&R.A. Diaz\Irefnorg8&T. Dietel\Irefnorg124&P. Dillenseger\Irefnorg69&Y. Ding\Irefnorg6&R. Divià\Irefnorg34&Ø. Djuvsland\Irefnorg22&A. Dobrin\Irefnorg34&D. Domenicis Gimenez\Irefnorg120&B. Dönigus\Irefnorg69&O. Dordic\Irefnorg21&A.K. Dubey\Irefnorg140&A. Dubla\Irefnorg104&S. Dudi\Irefnorg98&A.K. Duggal\Irefnorg98&M. Dukhishyam\Irefnorg85&P. Dupieux\Irefnorg133&R.J. Ehlers\Irefnorg145&D. Elia\Irefnorg52&H. Engel\Irefnorg74&E. Epple\Irefnorg145&B. Erazmus\Irefnorg113&F. Erhardt\Irefnorg97&A. Erokhin\Irefnorg111&M.R. Ersdal\Irefnorg22&B. Espagnon\Irefnorg61&G. Eulisse\Irefnorg34&J. Eum\Irefnorg18&D. Evans\Irefnorg108&S. Evdokimov\Irefnorg90&L. Fabbietti\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg116&M. Faggin\Irefnorg29&J. Faivre\Irefnorg78&A. Fantoni\Irefnorg51&M. Fasel\Irefnorg94&L. Feldkamp\Irefnorg143&A. Feliciello\Irefnorg58&G. Feofilov\Irefnorg111&A. Fernández Téllez\Irefnorg44&A. Ferrero\Irefnorg136&A. Ferretti\Irefnorg26&A. Festanti\Irefnorg34&V.J.G. Feuillard\Irefnorg102&J. Figiel\Irefnorg117&S. Filchagin\Irefnorg106&D. Finogeev\Irefnorg62&F.M. Fionda\Irefnorg22&G. Fiorenza\Irefnorg52&F. Flor\Irefnorg125&S. Foertsch\Irefnorg73&P. Foka\Irefnorg104&S. Fokin\Irefnorg87&E. Fragiacomo\Irefnorg59&A. Francisco\Irefnorg113&U. Frankenfeld\Irefnorg104&G.G. Fronze\Irefnorg26&U. Fuchs\Irefnorg34&C. Furget\Irefnorg78&A. Furs\Irefnorg62&M. Fusco Girard\Irefnorg30&J.J. Gaardhøje\Irefnorg88&M. Gagliardi\Irefnorg26&A.M. Gago\Irefnorg109&K. Gajdosova\Irefnorg37,\Irefnorg88&A. Gal\Irefnorg135&C.D. Galvan\Irefnorg119&P. Ganoti\Irefnorg83&C. Garabatos\Irefnorg104&E. Garcia-Solis\Irefnorg11&K. Garg\Irefnorg28&C. Gargiulo\Irefnorg34&K. Garner\Irefnorg143&P. Gasik\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg116&E.F. Gauger\Irefnorg118&M.B. Gay Ducati\Irefnorg71&M. Germain\Irefnorg113&J. Ghosh\Irefnorg107&P. Ghosh\Irefnorg140&S.K. Ghosh\Irefnorg3&P. Gianotti\Irefnorg51&P. Giubellino\Irefnorg104,\Irefnorg58&P. Giubilato\Irefnorg29&P. Glässel\Irefnorg102&D.M. Goméz Coral\Irefnorg72&A. Gomez Ramirez\Irefnorg74&V. Gonzalez\Irefnorg104&P. González-Zamora\Irefnorg44&S. Gorbunov\Irefnorg39&L. Görlich\Irefnorg117&S. Gotovac\Irefnorg35&V. Grabski\Irefnorg72&L.K. Graczykowski\Irefnorg141&K.L. Graham\Irefnorg108&L. Greiner\Irefnorg79&A. Grelli\Irefnorg63&C. Grigoras\Irefnorg34&V. Grigoriev\Irefnorg91&A. Grigoryan\Irefnorg1&S. Grigoryan\Irefnorg75&J.M. Gronefeld\Irefnorg104&F. Grosa\Irefnorg31&J.F. Grosse-Oetringhaus\Irefnorg34&R. Grosso\Irefnorg104&R. Guernane\Irefnorg78&B. Guerzoni\Irefnorg27&M. Guittiere\Irefnorg113&K. Gulbrandsen\Irefnorg88&T. Gunji\Irefnorg131&A. Gupta\Irefnorg99&R. Gupta\Irefnorg99&I.B. Guzman\Irefnorg44&R. Haake\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg145&M.K. Habib\Irefnorg104&C. Hadjidakis\Irefnorg61&H. Hamagaki\Irefnorg81&G. Hamar\Irefnorg144&M. Hamid\Irefnorg6&J.C. Hamon\Irefnorg135&R. Hannigan\Irefnorg118&M.R. Haque\Irefnorg63&A. Harlenderova\Irefnorg104&J.W. Harris\Irefnorg145&A. Harton\Irefnorg11&H. Hassan\Irefnorg78&D. Hatzifotiadou\Irefnorg53,\Irefnorg10&P. Hauer\Irefnorg42&S. Hayashi\Irefnorg131&S.T. Heckel\Irefnorg69&E. Hellbär\Irefnorg69&H. Helstrup\Irefnorg36&A. Herghelegiu\Irefnorg47&E.G. Hernandez\Irefnorg44&G. Herrera Corral\Irefnorg9&F. Herrmann\Irefnorg143&K.F. Hetland\Irefnorg36&T.E. Hilden\Irefnorg43&H. Hillemanns\Irefnorg34&C. Hills\Irefnorg127&B. Hippolyte\Irefnorg135&B. Hohlweger\Irefnorg103&D. Horak\Irefnorg37&S. Hornung\Irefnorg104&R. Hosokawa\Irefnorg132&J. Hota\Irefnorg66&P. Hristov\Irefnorg34&C. Huang\Irefnorg61&C. Hughes\Irefnorg129&P. Huhn\Irefnorg69&T.J. Humanic\Irefnorg95&H. Hushnud\Irefnorg107&L.A. Husova\Irefnorg143&N. Hussain\Irefnorg41&S.A. Hussain\Irefnorg15&T. Hussain\Irefnorg17&D. Hutter\Irefnorg39&D.S. Hwang\Irefnorg19&J.P. Iddon\Irefnorg127&R. Ilkaev\Irefnorg106&M. Inaba\Irefnorg132&M. Ippolitov\Irefnorg87&M.S. Islam\Irefnorg107&M. Ivanov\Irefnorg104&V. Ivanov\Irefnorg96&V. Izucheev\Irefnorg90&B. Jacak\Irefnorg79&N. Jacazio\Irefnorg27&P.M. Jacobs\Irefnorg79&M.B. Jadhav\Irefnorg48&S. Jadlovska\Irefnorg115&J. Jadlovsky\Irefnorg115&S. Jaelani\Irefnorg63&C. Jahnke\Irefnorg120&M.J. Jakubowska\Irefnorg141&M.A. Janik\Irefnorg141&M. Jercic\Irefnorg97&O. Jevons\Irefnorg108&R.T. Jimenez Bustamante\Irefnorg104&M. Jin\Irefnorg125&P.G. Jones\Irefnorg108&A. Jusko\Irefnorg108&P. Kalinak\Irefnorg65&A. Kalweit\Irefnorg34&J.H. Kang\Irefnorg146&V. Kaplin\Irefnorg91&S. Kar\Irefnorg6&A. Karasu Uysal\Irefnorg77&O. Karavichev\Irefnorg62&T. Karavicheva\Irefnorg62&P. Karczmarczyk\Irefnorg34&E. Karpechev\Irefnorg62&U. Kebschull\Irefnorg74&R. Keidel\Irefnorg46&M. Keil\Irefnorg34&B. Ketzer\Irefnorg42&Z. Khabanova\Irefnorg89&A.M. Khan\Irefnorg6&S. Khan\Irefnorg17&S.A. Khan\Irefnorg140&A. Khanzadeev\Irefnorg96&Y. Kharlov\Irefnorg90&A. Khatun\Irefnorg17&A. Khuntia\Irefnorg49&B. Kileng\Irefnorg36&B. Kim\Irefnorg60&B. Kim\Irefnorg132&D. Kim\Irefnorg146&D.J. Kim\Irefnorg126&E.J. Kim\Irefnorg13&H. Kim\Irefnorg146&J.S. Kim\Irefnorg40&J. Kim\Irefnorg102&J. Kim\Irefnorg146&J. Kim\Irefnorg13&M. Kim\Irefnorg60,\Irefnorg102&S. Kim\Irefnorg19&T. Kim\Irefnorg146&T. Kim\Irefnorg146&K. Kindra\Irefnorg98&S. Kirsch\Irefnorg39&I. Kisel\Irefnorg39&S. Kiselev\Irefnorg64&A. Kisiel\Irefnorg141&J.L. Klay\Irefnorg5&C. Klein\Irefnorg69&J. Klein\Irefnorg58&S. Klein\Irefnorg79&C. Klein-Bösing\Irefnorg143&S. Klewin\Irefnorg102&A. Kluge\Irefnorg34&M.L. Knichel\Irefnorg34&A.G. Knospe\Irefnorg125&C. Kobdaj\Irefnorg114&M. Kofarago\Irefnorg144&M.K. Köhler\Irefnorg102&T. Kollegger\Irefnorg104&A. Kondratyev\Irefnorg75&N. Kondratyeva\Irefnorg91&E. Kondratyuk\Irefnorg90&P.J. Konopka\Irefnorg34&M. Konyushikhin\Irefnorg142&L. Koska\Irefnorg115&O. Kovalenko\Irefnorg84&V. Kovalenko\Irefnorg111&M. Kowalski\Irefnorg117&I. Králik\Irefnorg65&A. Kravčáková\Irefnorg38&L. Kreis\Irefnorg104&M. Krivda\Irefnorg65,\Irefnorg108&F. Krizek\Irefnorg93&M. Krüger\Irefnorg69&E. Kryshen\Irefnorg96&M. Krzewicki\Irefnorg39&A.M. Kubera\Irefnorg95&V. Kučera\Irefnorg93,\Irefnorg60&C. Kuhn\Irefnorg135&P.G. Kuijer\Irefnorg89&L. Kumar\Irefnorg98&S. Kumar\Irefnorg48&S. Kundu\Irefnorg85&P. Kurashvili\Irefnorg84&A. Kurepin\Irefnorg62&A.B. Kurepin\Irefnorg62&S. Kushpil\Irefnorg93&J. Kvapil\Irefnorg108&M.J. Kweon\Irefnorg60&Y. Kwon\Irefnorg146&S.L. La Pointe\Irefnorg39&P. La Rocca\Irefnorg28&Y.S. Lai\Irefnorg79&R. Langoy\Irefnorg123&K. Lapidus\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg145&A. Lardeux\Irefnorg21&P. Larionov\Irefnorg51&E. Laudi\Irefnorg34&R. Lavicka\Irefnorg37&T. Lazareva\Irefnorg111&R. Lea\Irefnorg25&L. Leardini\Irefnorg102&S. Lee\Irefnorg146&F. Lehas\Irefnorg89&S. Lehner\Irefnorg112&J. Lehrbach\Irefnorg39&R.C. Lemmon\Irefnorg92&I. León Monzón\Irefnorg119&P. Lévai\Irefnorg144&X. Li\Irefnorg12&X.L. Li\Irefnorg6&J. Lien\Irefnorg123&R. Lietava\Irefnorg108&B. Lim\Irefnorg18&S. Lindal\Irefnorg21&V. Lindenstruth\Irefnorg39&S.W. Lindsay\Irefnorg127&C. Lippmann\Irefnorg104&M.A. Lisa\Irefnorg95&V. Litichevskyi\Irefnorg43&A. Liu\Irefnorg79&H.M. Ljunggren\Irefnorg80&W.J. Llope\Irefnorg142&D.F. Lodato\Irefnorg63&V. Loginov\Irefnorg91&C. Loizides\Irefnorg94&P. Loncar\Irefnorg35&X. Lopez\Irefnorg133&E. López Torres\Irefnorg8&P. Luettig\Irefnorg69&J.R. Luhder\Irefnorg143&M. Lunardon\Irefnorg29&G. Luparello\Irefnorg59&M. Lupi\Irefnorg34&A. Maevskaya\Irefnorg62&M. Mager\Irefnorg34&S.M. Mahmood\Irefnorg21&T. Mahmoud\Irefnorg42&A. Maire\Irefnorg135&R.D. Majka\Irefnorg145&M. Malaev\Irefnorg96&Q.W. Malik\Irefnorg21&L. Malinina\Irefnorg75\AreforgII&D. Mal’Kevich\Irefnorg64&P. Malzacher\Irefnorg104&A. Mamonov\Irefnorg106&V. Manko\Irefnorg87&F. Manso\Irefnorg133&V. Manzari\Irefnorg52&Y. Mao\Irefnorg6&M. Marchisone\Irefnorg134&J. Mareš\Irefnorg67&G.V. Margagliotti\Irefnorg25&A. Margotti\Irefnorg53&J. Margutti\Irefnorg63&A. Marín\Irefnorg104&C. Markert\Irefnorg118&M. Marquard\Irefnorg69&N.A. Martin\Irefnorg102,\Irefnorg104&P. Martinengo\Irefnorg34&J.L. Martinez\Irefnorg125&M.I. Martínez\Irefnorg44&G. Martínez García\Irefnorg113&M. Martinez Pedreira\Irefnorg34&S. Masciocchi\Irefnorg104&M. Masera\Irefnorg26&A. Masoni\Irefnorg54&L. Massacrier\Irefnorg61&E. Masson\Irefnorg113&A. Mastroserio\Irefnorg52,\Irefnorg137&A.M. Mathis\Irefnorg116,\Irefnorg103&P.F.T. Matuoka\Irefnorg120&A. Matyja\Irefnorg129,\Irefnorg117&C. Mayer\Irefnorg117&M. Mazzilli\Irefnorg33&M.A. Mazzoni\Irefnorg57&F. Meddi\Irefnorg23&Y. Melikyan\Irefnorg91&A. Menchaca-Rocha\Irefnorg72&E. Meninno\Irefnorg30&M. Meres\Irefnorg14&S. Mhlanga\Irefnorg124&Y. Miake\Irefnorg132&L. Micheletti\Irefnorg26&M.M. Mieskolainen\Irefnorg43&D.L. Mihaylov\Irefnorg103&K. Mikhaylov\Irefnorg75,\Irefnorg64&A. Mischke\Irefnorg63\Areforg*&A.N. Mishra\Irefnorg70&D. Miśkowiec\Irefnorg104&C.M. Mitu\Irefnorg68&N. Mohammadi\Irefnorg34&A.P. Mohanty\Irefnorg63&B. Mohanty\Irefnorg85&M. Mohisin Khan\Irefnorg17\AreforgIII&M.M. Mondal\Irefnorg66&C. Mordasini\Irefnorg103&D.A. Moreira De Godoy\Irefnorg143&L.A.P. Moreno\Irefnorg44&S. Moretto\Irefnorg29&A. Morreale\Irefnorg113&A. Morsch\Irefnorg34&T. Mrnjavac\Irefnorg34&V. Muccifora\Irefnorg51&E. Mudnic\Irefnorg35&D. Mühlheim\Irefnorg143&S. Muhuri\Irefnorg140&M. Mukherjee\Irefnorg3&J.D. Mulligan\Irefnorg79,\Irefnorg145&M.G. Munhoz\Irefnorg120&K. Münning\Irefnorg42&R.H. Munzer\Irefnorg69&H. Murakami\Irefnorg131&S. Murray\Irefnorg73&L. Musa\Irefnorg34&J. Musinsky\Irefnorg65&C.J. Myers\Irefnorg125&J.W. Myrcha\Irefnorg141&B. Naik\Irefnorg48&R. Nair\Irefnorg84&B.K. Nandi\Irefnorg48&R. Nania\Irefnorg10,\Irefnorg53&E. Nappi\Irefnorg52&M.U. Naru\Irefnorg15&A.F. Nassirpour\Irefnorg80&H. Natal da Luz\Irefnorg120&C. Nattrass\Irefnorg129&S.R. Navarro\Irefnorg44&K. Nayak\Irefnorg85&R. Nayak\Irefnorg48&T.K. Nayak\Irefnorg140,\Irefnorg85&S. Nazarenko\Irefnorg106&R.A. Negrao De Oliveira\Irefnorg69&L. Nellen\Irefnorg70&S.V. Nesbo\Irefnorg36&G. Neskovic\Irefnorg39&F. Ng\Irefnorg125&B.S. Nielsen\Irefnorg88&S. Nikolaev\Irefnorg87&S. Nikulin\Irefnorg87&V. Nikulin\Irefnorg96&F. Noferini\Irefnorg53,\Irefnorg10&P. Nomokonov\Irefnorg75&G. Nooren\Irefnorg63&J.C.C. Noris\Irefnorg44&J. Norman\Irefnorg78&P. Nowakowski\Irefnorg141&A. Nyanin\Irefnorg87&J. Nystrand\Irefnorg22&M. Ogino\Irefnorg81&A. Ohlson\Irefnorg102&J. Oleniacz\Irefnorg141&A.C. Oliveira Da Silva\Irefnorg120&M.H. Oliver\Irefnorg145&J. Onderwaater\Irefnorg104&C. Oppedisano\Irefnorg58&R. Orava\Irefnorg43&A. Ortiz Velasquez\Irefnorg70&A. Oskarsson\Irefnorg80&J. Otwinowski\Irefnorg117&K. Oyama\Irefnorg81&Y. Pachmayer\Irefnorg102&V. Pacik\Irefnorg88&D. Pagano\Irefnorg139&G. Paić\Irefnorg70&P. Palni\Irefnorg6&J. Pan\Irefnorg142&A.K. Pandey\Irefnorg48&S. Panebianco\Irefnorg136&V. Papikyan\Irefnorg1&P. Pareek\Irefnorg49&J. Park\Irefnorg60&J.E. Parkkila\Irefnorg126&S. Parmar\Irefnorg98&A. Passfeld\Irefnorg143&S.P. Pathak\Irefnorg125&R.N. Patra\Irefnorg140&B. Paul\Irefnorg58&H. Pei\Irefnorg6&T. Peitzmann\Irefnorg63&X. Peng\Irefnorg6&L.G. Pereira\Irefnorg71&H. Pereira Da Costa\Irefnorg136&D. Peresunko\Irefnorg87&G.M. Perez\Irefnorg8&E. Perez Lezama\Irefnorg69&V. Peskov\Irefnorg69&Y. Pestov\Irefnorg4&V. Petráček\Irefnorg37&M. Petrovici\Irefnorg47&R.P. Pezzi\Irefnorg71&S. Piano\Irefnorg59&M. Pikna\Irefnorg14&P. Pillot\Irefnorg113&L.O.D.L. Pimentel\Irefnorg88&O. Pinazza\Irefnorg53,\Irefnorg34&L. Pinsky\Irefnorg125&S. Pisano\Irefnorg51&D.B. Piyarathna\Irefnorg125&M. Płoskoń\Irefnorg79&M. Planinic\Irefnorg97&F. Pliquett\Irefnorg69&J. Pluta\Irefnorg141&S. Pochybova\Irefnorg144&P.L.M. Podesta-Lerma\Irefnorg119&M.G. Poghosyan\Irefnorg94&B. Polichtchouk\Irefnorg90&N. Poljak\Irefnorg97&W. Poonsawat\Irefnorg114&A. Pop\Irefnorg47&H. Poppenborg\Irefnorg143&S. Porteboeuf-Houssais\Irefnorg133&V. Pozdniakov\Irefnorg75&S.K. Prasad\Irefnorg3&R. Preghenella\Irefnorg53&F. Prino\Irefnorg58&C.A. Pruneau\Irefnorg142&I. Pshenichnov\Irefnorg62&M. Puccio\Irefnorg26&V. Punin\Irefnorg106&K. Puranapanda\Irefnorg140&J. Putschke\Irefnorg142&R.E. Quishpe\Irefnorg125&S. Ragoni\Irefnorg108&S. Raha\Irefnorg3&S. Rajput\Irefnorg99&J. Rak\Irefnorg126&A. Rakotozafindrabe\Irefnorg136&L. Ramello\Irefnorg32&F. Rami\Irefnorg135&R. Raniwala\Irefnorg100&S. Raniwala\Irefnorg100&S.S. Räsänen\Irefnorg43&B.T. Rascanu\Irefnorg69&R. Rath\Irefnorg49&V. Ratza\Irefnorg42&I. Ravasenga\Irefnorg31&K.F. Read\Irefnorg129,\Irefnorg94&K. Redlich\Irefnorg84\AreforgIV&A. Rehman\Irefnorg22&P. Reichelt\Irefnorg69&F. Reidt\Irefnorg34&X. Ren\Irefnorg6&R. Renfordt\Irefnorg69&A. Reshetin\Irefnorg62&J.-P. Revol\Irefnorg10&K. Reygers\Irefnorg102&V. Riabov\Irefnorg96&T. Richert\Irefnorg88,\Irefnorg80&M. Richter\Irefnorg21&P. Riedler\Irefnorg34&W. Riegler\Irefnorg34&F. Riggi\Irefnorg28&C. Ristea\Irefnorg68&S.P. Rode\Irefnorg49&M. Rodríguez Cahuantzi\Irefnorg44&K. Røed\Irefnorg21&R. Rogalev\Irefnorg90&E. Rogochaya\Irefnorg75&D. Rohr\Irefnorg34&D. Röhrich\Irefnorg22&P.S. Rokita\Irefnorg141&F. Ronchetti\Irefnorg51&E.D. Rosas\Irefnorg70&K. Roslon\Irefnorg141&P. Rosnet\Irefnorg133&A. Rossi\Irefnorg56,\Irefnorg29&A. Rotondi\Irefnorg138&F. Roukoutakis\Irefnorg83&A. Roy\Irefnorg49&P. Roy\Irefnorg107&O.V. Rueda\Irefnorg80&R. Rui\Irefnorg25&B. Rumyantsev\Irefnorg75&A. Rustamov\Irefnorg86&E. Ryabinkin\Irefnorg87&Y. Ryabov\Irefnorg96&A. Rybicki\Irefnorg117&S. Saarinen\Irefnorg43&S. Sadhu\Irefnorg140&S. Sadovsky\Irefnorg90&K. Šafařík\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg37&S.K. Saha\Irefnorg140&B. Sahoo\Irefnorg48&P. Sahoo\Irefnorg49&R. Sahoo\Irefnorg49&S. Sahoo\Irefnorg66&P.K. Sahu\Irefnorg66&J. Saini\Irefnorg140&S. Sakai\Irefnorg132&S. Sambyal\Irefnorg99&V. Samsonov\Irefnorg96,\Irefnorg91&A. Sandoval\Irefnorg72&A. Sarkar\Irefnorg73&D. Sarkar\Irefnorg140&N. Sarkar\Irefnorg140&P. Sarma\Irefnorg41&V.M. Sarti\Irefnorg103&M.H.P. Sas\Irefnorg63&E. Scapparone\Irefnorg53&B. Schaefer\Irefnorg94&J. Schambach\Irefnorg118&H.S. Scheid\Irefnorg69&C. Schiaua\Irefnorg47&R. Schicker\Irefnorg102&A. Schmah\Irefnorg102&C. Schmidt\Irefnorg104&H.R. Schmidt\Irefnorg101&M.O. Schmidt\Irefnorg102&M. Schmidt\Irefnorg101&N.V. Schmidt\Irefnorg69,\Irefnorg94&A.R. Schmier\Irefnorg129&J. Schukraft\Irefnorg88,\Irefnorg34&Y. Schutz\Irefnorg135,\Irefnorg34&K. Schwarz\Irefnorg104&K. Schweda\Irefnorg104&G. Scioli\Irefnorg27&E. Scomparin\Irefnorg58&M. Šefčík\Irefnorg38&J.E. Seger\Irefnorg16&Y. Sekiguchi\Irefnorg131&D. Sekihata\Irefnorg45&I. Selyuzhenkov\Irefnorg104,\Irefnorg91&S. Senyukov\Irefnorg135&E. Serradilla\Irefnorg72&P. Sett\Irefnorg48&A. Sevcenco\Irefnorg68&A. Shabanov\Irefnorg62&A. Shabetai\Irefnorg113&R. Shahoyan\Irefnorg34&W. Shaikh\Irefnorg107&A. Shangaraev\Irefnorg90&A. Sharma\Irefnorg98&A. Sharma\Irefnorg99&M. Sharma\Irefnorg99&N. Sharma\Irefnorg98&A.I. Sheikh\Irefnorg140&K. Shigaki\Irefnorg45&M. Shimomura\Irefnorg82&S. Shirinkin\Irefnorg64&Q. Shou\Irefnorg6,\Irefnorg110&Y. Sibiriak\Irefnorg87&S. Siddhanta\Irefnorg54&T. Siemiarczuk\Irefnorg84&D. Silvermyr\Irefnorg80&G. Simatovic\Irefnorg89&G. Simonetti\Irefnorg34,\Irefnorg103&R. Singh\Irefnorg85&R. Singh\Irefnorg99&V.K. Singh\Irefnorg140&V. Singhal\Irefnorg140&T. Sinha\Irefnorg107&B. Sitar\Irefnorg14&M. Sitta\Irefnorg32&T.B. Skaali\Irefnorg21&M. Slupecki\Irefnorg126&N. Smirnov\Irefnorg145&R.J.M. Snellings\Irefnorg63&T.W. Snellman\Irefnorg126&J. Sochan\Irefnorg115&C. Soncco\Irefnorg109&J. Song\Irefnorg60&A. Songmoolnak\Irefnorg114&F. Soramel\Irefnorg29&S. Sorensen\Irefnorg129&F. Sozzi\Irefnorg104&I. Sputowska\Irefnorg117&J. Stachel\Irefnorg102&I. Stan\Irefnorg68&P. Stankus\Irefnorg94&E. Stenlund\Irefnorg80&D. Stocco\Irefnorg113&M.M. Storetvedt\Irefnorg36&P. Strmen\Irefnorg14&A.A.P. Suaide\Irefnorg120&T. Sugitate\Irefnorg45&C. Suire\Irefnorg61&M. Suleymanov\Irefnorg15&M. Suljic\Irefnorg34&R. Sultanov\Irefnorg64&M. Šumbera\Irefnorg93&S. Sumowidagdo\Irefnorg50&K. Suzuki\Irefnorg112&S. Swain\Irefnorg66&A. Szabo\Irefnorg14&I. Szarka\Irefnorg14&U. Tabassam\Irefnorg15&G. Taillepied\Irefnorg133&J. Takahashi\Irefnorg121&G.J. Tambave\Irefnorg22&N. Tanaka\Irefnorg132&S. Tang\Irefnorg6&M. Tarhini\Irefnorg113&M.G. Tarzila\Irefnorg47&A. Tauro\Irefnorg34&G. Tejeda Muñoz\Irefnorg44&A. Telesca\Irefnorg34&C. Terrevoli\Irefnorg29,\Irefnorg125&D. Thakur\Irefnorg49&S. Thakur\Irefnorg140&D. Thomas\Irefnorg118&F. Thoresen\Irefnorg88&R. Tieulent\Irefnorg134&A. Tikhonov\Irefnorg62&A.R. Timmins\Irefnorg125&A. Toia\Irefnorg69&N. Topilskaya\Irefnorg62&M. Toppi\Irefnorg51&F. Torales-Acosta\Irefnorg20&S.R. Torres\Irefnorg119&S. Tripathy\Irefnorg49&T. Tripathy\Irefnorg48&S. Trogolo\Irefnorg26&G. Trombetta\Irefnorg33&L. Tropp\Irefnorg38&V. Trubnikov\Irefnorg2&W.H. Trzaska\Irefnorg126&T.P. Trzcinski\Irefnorg141&B.A. Trzeciak\Irefnorg63&T. Tsuji\Irefnorg131&A. Tumkin\Irefnorg106&R. Turrisi\Irefnorg56&T.S. Tveter\Irefnorg21&K. Ullaland\Irefnorg22&E.N. Umaka\Irefnorg125&A. Uras\Irefnorg134&G.L. Usai\Irefnorg24&A. Utrobicic\Irefnorg97&M. Vala\Irefnorg38,\Irefnorg115&N. Valle\Irefnorg138&N. van der Kolk\Irefnorg63&L.V.R. van Doremalen\Irefnorg63&J.W. Van Hoorne\Irefnorg34&M. van Leeuwen\Irefnorg63&P. Vande Vyvre\Irefnorg34&D. Varga\Irefnorg144&A. Vargas\Irefnorg44&M. Vargyas\Irefnorg126&R. Varma\Irefnorg48&M. Vasileiou\Irefnorg83&A. Vasiliev\Irefnorg87&O. Vázquez Doce\Irefnorg116,\Irefnorg103&V. Vechernin\Irefnorg111&A.M. Veen\Irefnorg63&E. Vercellin\Irefnorg26&S. Vergara Limón\Irefnorg44&L. Vermunt\Irefnorg63&R. Vernet\Irefnorg7&R. Vértesi\Irefnorg144&L. Vickovic\Irefnorg35&J. Viinikainen\Irefnorg126&Z. Vilakazi\Irefnorg130&O. Villalobos Baillie\Irefnorg108&A. Villatoro Tello\Irefnorg44&G. Vino\Irefnorg52&A. Vinogradov\Irefnorg87&T. Virgili\Irefnorg30&V. Vislavicius\Irefnorg88&A. Vodopyanov\Irefnorg75&B. Volkel\Irefnorg34&M.A. Völkl\Irefnorg101&K. Voloshin\Irefnorg64&S.A. Voloshin\Irefnorg142&G. Volpe\Irefnorg33&B. von Haller\Irefnorg34&I. Vorobyev\Irefnorg103,\Irefnorg116&D. Voscek\Irefnorg115&J. Vrláková\Irefnorg38&B. Wagner\Irefnorg22&M. Wang\Irefnorg6&Y. Watanabe\Irefnorg132&M. Weber\Irefnorg112&S.G. Weber\Irefnorg104&A. Wegrzynek\Irefnorg34&D.F. Weiser\Irefnorg102&S.C. Wenzel\Irefnorg34&J.P. Wessels\Irefnorg143&U. Westerhoff\Irefnorg143&A.M. Whitehead\Irefnorg124&E. Widmann\Irefnorg112&J. Wiechula\Irefnorg69&J. Wikne\Irefnorg21&G. Wilk\Irefnorg84&J. Wilkinson\Irefnorg53&G.A. Willems\Irefnorg143,\Irefnorg34&E. Willsher\Irefnorg108&B. Windelband\Irefnorg102&W.E. Witt\Irefnorg129&Y. Wu\Irefnorg128&R. Xu\Irefnorg6&S. Yalcin\Irefnorg77&K. Yamakawa\Irefnorg45&S. Yang\Irefnorg22&S. Yano\Irefnorg136&Z. Yin\Irefnorg6&H. Yokoyama\Irefnorg63&I.-K. Yoo\Irefnorg18&J.H. Yoon\Irefnorg60&S. Yuan\Irefnorg22&V. Yurchenko\Irefnorg2&V. Zaccolo\Irefnorg58,\Irefnorg25&A. Zaman\Irefnorg15&C. Zampolli\Irefnorg34&H.J.C. Zanoli\Irefnorg120&N. Zardoshti\Irefnorg108,\Irefnorg34&A. Zarochentsev\Irefnorg111&P. Závada\Irefnorg67&N. Zaviyalov\Irefnorg106&H. Zbroszczyk\Irefnorg141&M. Zhalov\Irefnorg96&X. Zhang\Irefnorg6&Y. Zhang\Irefnorg6&Z. Zhang\Irefnorg6,\Irefnorg133&C. Zhao\Irefnorg21&V. Zherebchevskii\Irefnorg111&N. Zhigareva\Irefnorg64&D. Zhou\Irefnorg6&Y. Zhou\Irefnorg88&Z. Zhou\Irefnorg22&H. Zhu\Irefnorg6&J. Zhu\Irefnorg6&Y. Zhu\Irefnorg6&A. Zichichi\Irefnorg27,\Irefnorg10&M.B. Zimmermann\Irefnorg34&G. Zinovjev\Irefnorg2&N. Zurlo\Irefnorg139&

Affiliation notes

{Authlist}

\Adef

org*Deceased

\Adef

orgIDipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy

\Adef

orgIIM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear, Physics, Moscow, Russia

\Adef

orgIIIDepartment of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

\Adef

orgIVInstitute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Poland

Collaboration Institutes

{Authlist}

\Idef

org1A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia

\Idef

org2Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

\Idef

org3Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India

\Idef

org4Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia

\Idef

org5California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States

\Idef

org6Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China

\Idef

org7Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

\Idef

org8Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba

\Idef

org9Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico

\Idef

org10Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi’, Rome, Italy

\Idef

org11Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States

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org12China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China

\Idef

org13Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org14Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovakia

\Idef

org15COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

\Idef

org16Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States

\Idef

org17Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

\Idef

org18Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org19Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org20Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States

\Idef

org21Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

\Idef

org22Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

\Idef

org23Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università ’La Sapienza’ and Sezione INFN, Rome, Italy

\Idef

org24Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy

\Idef

org25Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy

\Idef

org26Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

\Idef

org27Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy

\Idef

org28Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy

\Idef

org29Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy

\Idef

org30Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy

\Idef

org31Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy

\Idef

org32Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale and INFN Sezione di Torino, Alessandria, Italy

\Idef

org33Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica ‘M. Merlin’ and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy

\Idef

org34European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland

\Idef

org35Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia

\Idef

org36Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

\Idef

org37Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

\Idef

org38Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia

\Idef

org39Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

\Idef

org40Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org41Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India

\Idef

org42Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany

\Idef

org43Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland

\Idef

org44High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico

\Idef

org45Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan

\Idef

org46Hochschule Worms, Zentrum für Technologietransfer und Telekommunikation (ZTT), Worms, Germany

\Idef

org47Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania

\Idef

org48Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India

\Idef

org49Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India

\Idef

org50Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia

\Idef

org51INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy

\Idef

org52INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy

\Idef

org53INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

\Idef

org54INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

\Idef

org55INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy

\Idef

org56INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy

\Idef

org57INFN, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy

\Idef

org58INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy

\Idef

org59INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy

\Idef

org60Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org61Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3/CNRS), Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France

\Idef

org62Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

\Idef

org63Institute for Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands

\Idef

org64Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia

\Idef

org65Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia

\Idef

org66Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India

\Idef

org67Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

\Idef

org68Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania

\Idef

org69Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

\Idef

org70Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

\Idef

org71Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil

\Idef

org72Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

\Idef

org73iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa

\Idef

org74Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany

\Idef

org75Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, Russia

\Idef

org76Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

\Idef

org77KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey

\Idef

org78Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France

\Idef

org79Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States

\Idef

org80Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden

\Idef

org81Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan

\Idef

org82Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan

\Idef

org83National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics , Athens, Greece

\Idef

org84National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland

\Idef

org85National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India

\Idef

org86National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan

\Idef

org87National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia

\Idef

org88Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

\Idef

org89Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands

\Idef

org90NRC Kurchatov Institute IHEP, Protvino, Russia

\Idef

org91NRNU Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia

\Idef

org92Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom

\Idef

org93Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Řež u Prahy, Czech Republic

\Idef

org94Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States

\Idef

org95Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States

\Idef

org96Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia

\Idef

org97Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

\Idef

org98Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

\Idef

org99Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India

\Idef

org100Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

\Idef

org101Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

\Idef

org102Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

\Idef

org103Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

\Idef

org104Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany

\Idef

org105Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia

\Idef

org106Russian Federal Nuclear Center (VNIIEF), Sarov, Russia

\Idef

org107Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India

\Idef

org108School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

\Idef

org109Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru

\Idef

org110Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai, China

\Idef

org111St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

\Idef

org112Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria

\Idef

org113SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Université de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France

\Idef

org114Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

\Idef

org115Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia

\Idef

org116Technische Universität München, Excellence Cluster ’Universe’, Munich, Germany

\Idef

org117The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland

\Idef

org118The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States

\Idef

org119Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico

\Idef

org120Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil

\Idef

org121Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil

\Idef

org122Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil

\Idef

org123University College of Southeast Norway, Tonsberg, Norway

\Idef

org124University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

\Idef

org125University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States

\Idef

org126University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

\Idef

org127University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

\Idef

org128University of Science and Techonology of China, Hefei, China

\Idef

org129University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States

\Idef

org130University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

\Idef

org131University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

\Idef

org132University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

\Idef

org133Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France

\Idef

org134Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IPN-Lyon, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France

\Idef

org135Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France

\Idef

org136 Université Paris-Saclay Centre d¿Études de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Department de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France

\Idef

org137Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy

\Idef

org138Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy

\Idef

org139Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy

\Idef

org140Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India

\Idef

org141Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

\Idef

org142Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States

\Idef

org143Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany

\Idef

org144Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

\Idef

org145Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States

\Idef

org146Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea