# An ADMM Algorithm for MPC-based Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Nonlinear Losses

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a convex formulation and an ADMM algorithm for energy management in hybrid electric vehicles, achieving significant speed improvements over traditional dynamic programming methods.

## Contribution

It presents a novel convex formulation that linearizes nonlinear dynamics and applies ADMM for efficient optimization in hybrid vehicle energy management.

## Key findings

- ADMM outperforms DP in solution time by up to two orders of magnitude
- Convex formulation enables efficient optimization with nonlinear dynamics
- Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method

## Abstract

In this paper we present a convex formulation of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) optimisation for energy management in hybrid electric vehicles, and an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm for its solution. We develop a new proof of convexity for the problem that allows the nonlinear dynamics to be modelled as a linear system, then demonstrate the performance of ADMM in comparison with Dynamic Programming (DP) through simulation. The results demonstrate up to two orders of magnitude improvement in solution time for comparable accuracy against DP.