Methods to simplify cooling of liquid Helium cryostats

TL;DR

This paper presents practical methods to simplify the use of liquid Helium in cryostats, including transfer, precooling, and inserting large experiments, to improve safety, efficiency, and performance.

Contribution

It introduces novel, cost-effective techniques for Helium transfer, precooling without liquid nitrogen, and inserting large experiments into cryostats.

Findings

Helium transfer rate of about 100 liters per hour using a manual pump.

A closed cycle Helium gas circuit for precooling without liquid nitrogen.

A sliding seal and vacuum chamber design for inserting large experiments.

Abstract

Liquid Helium is used widely, from hospitals to characterization of materials at low temperatures. Many experiments at low temperatures require liquid Helium, particularly when vibration isolation precludes the use of cryocoolers and when one needs to cool heavy equipment such as superconducting coils. Here we describe methods to simplify the operations required to use liquid Helium by eliminating the use of high pressure bottles, avoiding blockage and improving heating and cooling rates. First we show a simple and very low cost method to transfer liquid Helium from a transport container into a cryostat that uses a manual pump having pumping and pressurizing ports, giving a liquid Helium transfer rate of about 100 liters an hour. Second, we describe a closed cycle circuit of Helium gas cooled in an external liquid nitrogen bath that allows precooling a cryogenic experiment without inserting liquid nitrogen into the cryostat, eliminating problems associated to the presence of nitrogen around superconducting magnets. And third, we show a sliding seal assembly and an inner vacuum chamber design that allows inserting large experiments into liquid Helium.

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