# Outage in Motorway Multi-Lane VANETs with Hardcore Headway Distance Using Synthetic Traces

## TL;DR

This paper models vehicle locations on motorway lanes using a hardcore point process, improving the accuracy of outage predictions in VANETs by capturing vehicle repulsion effects with synthetic traces.

## Contribution

It introduces a hardcore point process extension to the Poisson model for better vehicle location representation and derives interference moments for outage analysis.

## Key findings

- Hardcore component increases with higher average speeds.
- Shifted-gamma distribution fits interference better than PPP.
- Hardcore model improves outage probability estimation.

## Abstract

In this paper we analyze synthetic mobility traces generated for three-lane unidirectional motorway traffic to find that the locations of vehicles along a lane are better modeled by a hardcore point process instead of the widely-accepted Poisson point process (PPP). In order to capture the repulsion between successive vehicles while maintaining a level of analytical tractability, we make a simple extension to PPP: We model the inter-vehicle distance along a lane equal to the sum of a constant hardcore distance and an exponentially distributed random variable. We calculate the J-function and the Ripley's K-function for this hardcore point process. We fit its parameters to the available traces, and we illustrate that the higher the average speed along a lane, the more prominent the hardcore component becomes. In addition, we consider a transmitter-receiver link on the same lane, and we generate simple formulae for the moments of interference under reduced Palm measure for that lane, and without conditioning for other lanes. We illustrate that under Rayleigh fading a shifted-gamma approximation for the distribution of interference per lane provides a very good fit to the simulated outage probability using the synthetic traces, while the fit using the PPP is poor.