# Effects of the standing accretion-shock instability and the lepton-emission self-sustained asymmetry in the neutrino emission of rotating supernovae

## TL;DR

This study compares neutrino emissions in rotating and non-rotating supernova models, revealing how rotation influences flow dynamics, SASI modulation, and neutrino asymmetries, thereby enhancing understanding of supernova hydrodynamics.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed analysis of how rotation affects neutrino emission features and flow dynamics in three-dimensional supernova simulations.

## Key findings

- Rotation weakens SASI amplitude modulations.
- Rotation reduces convection velocities inside the proto-neutron star.
- Rotating models exhibit a dominant quadrupolar neutrino emission mode.

## Abstract

Rotation of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) affects the neutrino emission characteristics. By comparing the neutrino properties of three three-dimensional SN simulations of a 15 M_sun progenitor (one non-rotating model and two models rotating at different velocities), we investigate how the neutrino emission varies with the flow dynamics in the SN core depending on the different degrees of rotation. The large-amplitude sinusoidal modulations due to the standing accretion-shock instability (SASI) are weaker in both the rotating models than in the non-rotating case. The SN progenitor rotation reduces the radial velocities and radial component of the kinetic energy associated with convection interior to the proto-neutron star. This effect seems to disfavor the growth of the hemispheric neutrino-emission asymmetries associated with the lepton-emission self-sustained asymmetry (LESA). An investigation of the multipole expansion of the neutrino luminosity and the electron neutrino lepton number flux shows a dominant quadrupolar mode in rotating SN models. Our findings highlight the power of using neutrinos as probes of SN hydrodynamics.