# Internal dynamics and stellar content of nine ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Coma cluster prove their evolutionary link with dwarf early-type galaxies

## TL;DR

This study provides detailed internal dynamics and stellar content of nine ultra-diffuse galaxies in the Coma cluster, revealing their dark matter content, kinematic properties, and evolutionary link with dwarf early-type galaxies.

## Contribution

It offers the first spatially resolved velocity profiles and stellar population data for multiple UDGs, demonstrating their connection to dwarf ellipticals through internal and environmental processes.

## Key findings

- UDGs have dark matter fractions of 50-90% within half-light radius.
- Some UDGs show major axis rotation and anisotropic stellar orbits.
- UDGs occupy a space between dwarf ellipticals and dwarf spheroidals in key relations.

## Abstract

Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are spatially extended, low surface brightness stellar systems with regular elliptical-like morphology found in a wide range of environments. Studies of the internal dynamics and dark matter content of UDGs that would elucidate their formation and evolution have been hampered by their low surface brightnesses. Here we present spatially resolved velocity profiles, stellar velocity dispersions, ages and metallicities for 9 UDGs in the Coma cluster. We use intermediate-resolution spectra obtained with Binospec, the MMT's new high-throughput optical spectrograph. We derive dark matter fractions between 50~\%\ and 90~\% within the half-light radius using Jeans dynamical models. Three galaxies exhibit major axis rotation, two others have highly anisotropic stellar orbits, and one shows signs of triaxiality. In the Faber--Jackson and mass--metallicity relations, the 9 UDGs fill the gap between cluster dwarf elliptical (dE) and fainter dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies. Overall, the observed properties of all 9 UDGs can be explained by a combination of internal processes (supernovae feedback) and environmental effects (ram-pressure stripping, interaction with neighbors). These observations suggest that UDGs and dEs are members of the same galaxy population.