# Enhancing power grid synchronization and stability through time delayed feedback control

## TL;DR

This paper investigates power grid synchronization and stability using a Kuramoto model with inertia, introducing time-delayed feedback control to enhance stability, demonstrated on a German grid model.

## Contribution

It proposes a novel control method based on time-delayed feedback to improve power grid stability and synchronization, tested on a realistic grid model.

## Key findings

- Time-delayed feedback control effectively stabilizes power grid synchronization.
- Fewer controlled nodes are needed for stability with optimized control strategies.
- The method is validated on a model of the German power transmission grid.

## Abstract

We study the synchronization and stability of power grids within the Kuramoto phase oscillator model with inertia with a bimodal frequency distribution representing the generators and the loads. We identify critical nodes through solitary frequency deviations and Lyapunov vectors corresponding to unstable Lyapunov exponents. To cure dangerous deviations from synchronization we propose time-delayed feedback control, which is an efficient control concept in nonlinear dynamic systems. Different control strategies are tested and compared with respect to the minimum number of controlled nodes required to achieve synchronization and Lyapunov stability. As a proof of principle, this fast-acting control method is demonstrated using a model of the German power transmission grid.