# Early Detection Of Mirai-Like IoT Bots In Large-Scale Networks Through Sub-Sampled Packet Traffic Analysis

## TL;DR

This paper presents a network-based algorithm for early detection of Mirai-like IoT malware bots in large-scale networks by analyzing sub-sampled packet traffic to identify malware signatures before attacks occur.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel 2D packet sampling method combined with signature analysis for early IoT bot detection in large networks, optimizing resource use and detection speed.

## Key findings

- Effective detection of Mirai-like malware signatures in sampled traffic
- Detection delay is influenced by sampling frequency and network conditions
- Proposed method can identify infected devices before attack initiation

## Abstract

The widespread adoption of Internet of Things has led to many security issues. Recently, there have been malware attacks on IoT devices, the most prominent one being that of Mirai. IoT devices such as IP cameras, DVRs and routers were compromised by the Mirai malware and later large-scale DDoS attacks were propagated using those infected devices (bots) in October 2016. In this research, we develop a network-based algorithm which can be used to detect IoT bots infected by Mirai or similar malware in large-scale networks (e.g. ISP network). The algorithm particularly targets bots scanning the network for vulnerable devices since the typical scanning phase for botnets lasts for months and the bots can be detected much before they are involved in an actual attack. We analyze the unique signatures of the Mirai malware to identify its presence in an IoT device. The prospective deployment of our bot detection solution is discussed next along with the countermeasures which can be taken post detection. Further, to optimize the usage of computational resources, we use a two-dimensional (2D) packet sampling approach, wherein we sample the packets transmitted by IoT devices both across time and across the devices. Leveraging the Mirai signatures identified and the 2D packet sampling approach, a bot detection algorithm is proposed. Subsequently, we use testbed measurements and simulations to study the relationship between bot detection delays and the sampling frequencies for device packets. Finally, we derive insights from the obtained results and use them to design our proposed bot detection algorithm.