# Temporal magnification for streaked ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel method using radiofrequency cavities to achieve ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy with temporal resolution down to 1.4 femtoseconds, enabling observation of rapid dynamical phenomena.

## Contribution

It introduces a new approach employing radiofrequency cavities as electron lenses for temporal magnification in ultrafast electron imaging, demonstrating feasibility through simulations.

## Key findings

- Achieved 1.4 fs temporal resolution in simulations.
- Demonstrated feasibility of streaked electron imaging of optical-frequency phenomena.
- Proposed two configurations: magnifying-glass and point-projection.

## Abstract

One of the frontiers of modern electron scattering instrumentation is improving temporal resolution in order to enable the observation of dynamical phenomena at their fundamental time-scales. We analyze how a radiofrequency cavity can be used as an electron longitudinal lens in order to produce a highly magnified temporal replica of an ultrafast process, and, in combination with a deflecting cavity, enable streaked electron images of optical-frequency phenomena. We present start-to-end simulations of an MeV electron beamline for two variations of this idea (a `magnifying-glass' and a `point-projection' configuration) showing the feasibility for an electron probe to achieve single shot 1.4 fs(rms) temporal resolution.