# Weak Shock Propagation with Accretion. II. Stability of Self-similar Solutions to Radial Perturbations

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes the stability of self-similar solutions describing weak shocks in gravitational fields, finding they are extremely weakly unstable, with implications for astrophysical phenomena like failed supernovae.

## Contribution

It develops a formalism to analyze radial stability of self-similar shock solutions and demonstrates their weak instability, also identifying a new rarefaction wave solution.

## Key findings

- Self-similar solutions are weakly unstable to radial perturbations.
- Sedov-Taylor solutions are stable if extending to the origin.
- A new self-similar rarefaction wave solution is identified.

## Abstract

Coughlin et al. (2018) (Paper I) derived and analyzed a new regime of self-similarity that describes weak shocks (Mach number of order unity) in the gravitational field of a point mass. These solutions are relevant to low energy explosions, including failed supernovae. In this paper, we develop a formalism for analyzing the stability of shocks to radial perturbations, and we demonstrate that the self-similar solutions of Paper I are extremely weakly unstable to such radial perturbations. Specifically, we show that perturbations to the shock velocity and post-shock fluid quantities (the velocity, density, and pressure) grow with time as $t^{\alpha}$, where $\alpha \le 0.12$, implying that the ten-folding timescale of such perturbations is roughly ten orders of magnitude in time. We confirm these predictions by performing high-resolution, time-dependent numerical simulations. Using the same formalism, we also show that the Sedov-Taylor blastwave is trivially stable to radial perturbations provided that the self-similar, Sedov-Taylor solutions extend to the origin, and we derive simple expressions for the perturbations to the post-shock velocity, density, and pressure. Finally, we show that there is a third, self-similar solution (in addition to the the solutions in Paper I and the Sedov-Taylor solution) to the fluid equations that describes a rarefaction wave, i.e., an outward-propagating sound wave of infinitesimal amplitude. We interpret the stability of shock propagation in light of these three distinct self-similar solutions.