# Study of gravity waves distribution and propagation in the thermosphere of Mars based on MGS, ODY, MRO and MAVEN density measurements

## TL;DR

This study analyzes gravity wave distribution and propagation in Mars's thermosphere using data from multiple orbiters, revealing how wave activity correlates with atmospheric conditions and varies with altitude and location.

## Contribution

It combines data from MGS, ODY, MRO, and MAVEN to investigate gravity wave behavior and their relation to temperature and stability in Mars's upper atmosphere.

## Key findings

- Anti-correlation between density perturbations and temperature in ODY polar data.
- Correlation between density perturbations and Brunt-Väisälä frequency in MRO polar data.
- Wave activity influenced by sources and wind filtering beyond saturation effects.

## Abstract

By measuring the regular oscillations of the density of CO$_{2}$ in the upper atmosphere (between 120 and 190~km), the mass spectrometer MAVEN/NGIMS (Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN/Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer) reveals the local impact of gravity waves (GWs). This yields precious information on the activity of GWs and the atmospheric conditions in which they propagate and break. The intensity of GWs measured by MAVEN in the upper atmosphere has been shown to be dictated by saturation processes in isothermal conditions. As a result, GWs activity is correlated to the evolution of the inverse of the background temperature. Previous data gathered at lower altitudes ($\sim$95 to $\sim$150~km) during aerobraking by the accelerometers on board MGS (Mars Global Surveyor), ODY (Mars Odyssey) and MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) are analyzed in the light of those recent findings with MAVEN. The anti-correlation between GW-induced density perturbations and background temperature is plausibly found in the ODY data acquired in the polar regions, but not in he MGS and MRO data. MRO data in polar regions exhibit a correlation between the density perturbations and the Brunt-V\"{a}is\"{a}l\"{a} frequency, obtained from Global Climate Modeling. At lower altitude levels (between 100 and 120~km), although wave saturation might still be dominant, isothermal conditions are no longer verified. In this case, theory predicts that the intensity of GWs is no more correlated to background temperature, but to static stability. At other latitudes in the three aerobraking datasets, the GW-induced relative density perturbations are correlated with neither inverse temperature nor static stability; in this particular case, this means that the observed activity of GWs is not only controlled by saturation, but also by the effects of GWs sources and wind filtering through critical levels.