# SDN-enabled MIMO Heterogeneous Cooperative Networks with Flexible Cell Association

## TL;DR

This paper explores how SDN-enabled cooperative small-cell networks with flexible cell association improve coverage and user offloading in dense HetNets, demonstrating the benefits of cooperation and optimal densification.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel SDN-based framework for cooperative MIMO HetNets with flexible cell association, deriving performance metrics and analyzing optimal densification strategies.

## Key findings

- Cooperative BSs outperform uncoordinated BSs in coverage and rate.
- SBS cooperation allows more users to be admitted from macro cells.
- Optimal SBS densification exists beyond which coverage does not improve.

## Abstract

Small-cell densification is a strategy enabling the offloading of users from macro base stations (MBSs), in order to alleviate their load and increase the coverage, especially, for cell-edge users. In parallel, as the network increases in density, the BS cooperation emerges as an efficient design method towards the demands for drastic improvement of the system performance against the detrimental overall interference. In addition, the tiers are enhanced with cell association policies by introducing the concept of the association probability. Above this and motivated by the advantages of cooperation among BSs, the small base stations (SBSs) are enriched with this property in their design. SBS cooperation allows shedding light into its impact on the cell selection rules in multi-antenna HetNets. Under these settings, software-defined networking (SDN) is introduced smoothly to play the leading role in the orchestration of the network. {In particular, heavy operations such as the coordination and the cell association are undertaken by virtue of an SDN controller performing and managing efficiently the corresponding computations due to its centralized adaptability and dynamicity towards the enhancement and potential scalability of the network}. In this context, we derive the coverage probability and the mean achievable rate. Not only we show the outperformance of BS cooperation over uncoordinated BSs, but we also demonstrate that the SBS cooperation enables the admittance of more users from the macro-cell BSs (MBSs). Moreover, we investigate the performance of different transmission techniques, and we identify the optimal bias in each case when SBSs cooperate. Finally, we depict that the SBS densification is beneficial until a specific density value since a further increase does not increase the coverage probability.