# MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

**Authors:** M. L. Ahnen (1), S. Ansoldi (2,20), L. A. Antonelli (3), C. Arcaro, (4), D. Baack (5), A. Babi\'c (6), B. Banerjee (7), P. Bangale (8), U. Barres, de Almeida (8,9), J. A. Barrio (10), J. Becerra Gonz\'alez (11), W. Bednarek, (12), E. Bernardini (13,23), R. Ch. Berse (5), A. Berti (2,24), W., Bhattacharyya (13), A. Biland (1), O. Blanch (14), G. Bonnoli (15), R. Carosi, (15), A. Carosi (3), G. Ceribella (8), A. Chatterjee (7), S. M. Colak (14),, P. Colin (8), E. Colombo (11), J. L. Contreras (10), J. Cortina (14), S., Covino (3), P. Cumani (14), P. Da Vela (15), F. Dazzi (3), A. De Angelis (4),, B. De Lotto (2), M. Delfino (14,25), J. Delgado (14), F. Di Pierro (4), A., Dom\'inguez (10), D. Dominis Prester (6), D. Dorner (16), M. Doro (4), S., Einecke (5), D. Elsaesser (5), V. Fallah Ramazani (17), A. Fern\'andez-Barral, (14), D. Fidalgo (10), M. V. Fonseca (10), L. Font (18), C. Fruck (8), D., Galindo (19), R. J. Garc\'ia L\'opez (11), M. Garczarczyk (13), M. Gaug (18),, P. Giammaria (3), N. Godinovi\'c (6), D. Gora (13), D. Guberman (14), D., Hadasch (20), A. Hahn (8), T. Hassan (14), M. Hayashida (20), J. Herrera, (11), J. Hose (8), D. Hrupec (6), K. Ishio (8), Y. Konno (20), H. Kubo (20),, J. Kushida (20), D. Kuve\v{z}di\'c (6), D. Lelas (6), E. Lindfors (17), S., Lombardi (3), F. Longo (2,24), M. L\'opez (10), C. Maggio (18), P. Majumdar, (7), M. Makariev (21), G. Maneva (21), M. Manganaro (11), K. Mannheim (16),, L. Maraschi (3), M. Mariotti (4), M. Mart\'inez (14), S. Masuda (20), D., Mazin (8,20), K. Mielke (5), M. Minev (21), J. M. Miranda (15), R. Mirzoyan, (8), A. Moralejo (14), V. Moreno (18), E. Moretti (8), T. Nagayoshi (20), V., Neustroev (17), A. Niedzwiecki (12), M. Nievas Rosillo (10), C. Nigro (13),, K. Nilsson (17), D. Ninci (14), K. Nishijima (20), K. Noda (14), L. Nogu\'es, (14), S. Paiano (4), J. Palacio (14), D. Paneque (8), R. Paoletti (15), J. M., Paredes (19), G. Pedaletti (13), M. Peresano (2), M. Persic (2), P. 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Cotzomi (36), S., Couti\~no de Le\'on (34), C. De Le\'on (36), E. De la Fuente (37), R. Diaz, Hernandez (34), S. Dichiara (32), B. L. Dingus (26), M. A. DuVernois (33), J., C. D\'iaz-V\'elez (37), R. W. Ellsworth (38), K. Engel (39), O., Enriquez-Rivera (40), D. W. Fiorino (39), H. Fleischhack (41), N. Fraija, (32), J. A. Garc\'ia-Gonz\'alez (27), F. Garfias (32), A. Gonz\'alez-Mu\~noz, (27), M. M. Gonz\'alez (32), J. A. Goodman (39), Z. Hampel-Arias (33), J. P., Harding (26), S. Hernandez (27), F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla (28), C. M. Hui (42),, P. H\"untemeyer (41), A. Iriarte (32), A. Jardin-Blicq (43), V. Joshi (43),, S. Kaufmann (28), A. Lara (40), R. J. Lauer (44), W. H. Lee (32), D. Lennarz, (45), H. Le\'on Vargas (27), J. T. Linnemann (46), A. L. Longinotti (34), G., Luis-Raya (47), R. Luna-Garc\'ia (48), R. L\'opez-Coto (43), K. Malone (30),, S. S. Marinelli (46), O. Martinez (36), I. Martinez-Castellanos (39), J., Mart\'inez-Castro (48), H. Mart\'inez-Huerta (49), J. A. 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Yassine (58,59) (Fermi-LAT Collaboration) ((1) ETH Zurich,, Institute for Particle Physics, Zurich, Switzerland, (2) Universit\`a di, Udine, INFN, sezione di Trieste, Italy, Udine, Italy, (3) INAF - National, Institute for Astrophysics, Roma, Italy, (4) Dipartimento di Fisica e, Astronomia dell'Universit\`a, Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy, Padova, Italy,, (5) Technische Universit\"at Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany, (6) Croatian MAGIC, Consortium: Rudjer Boskovic Institute, University of Rijeka, University of, Split - FESB, University of Zagreb-FER, University of Osijek, Split, Croatia,, (7) Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India, (8), Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Physik, M\"unchen, Germany, (9) Now at Centro, Brasileiro de Pesquisas F\'isicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, (10) Unidad, de Part\'iculas y Cosmolog\'ia (UPARCOS), Universidad Complutense, E-28040, Madrid, Spain, Madrid, Spain, (11) Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La, Laguna (Tenerife), Spain, (12) Division of Astrophysics, University of Lodz,, Lodz, Poland, (13) Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Zeuthen, Zeuthen,, Germany, (14) Institut de F\'isica d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona, Institute of Science, Technology (BIST), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona),, Spain, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain, (15) Dipartimento SFTA, Sezione di, Fisica, Universit\`a di Siena, INFN sez. di Pisa, Siena, Italy, (16), Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik - Fakult\"at f\"ur Physik, und Astronomie - Universit\"at W\"urzburg, W\"urzburg, Germany, (17) Finnish, MAGIC Consortium: Tuorla Observatory, Finnish Centre of Astronomy with ESO, (FINCA), University of Turku, Vaisalantie 20, FI-21500 Piikki\"o, Astronomy, Division, University of Oulu, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland,, Piikki\"o, Finland, (18) Universitat Aut\`onoma de Barcelona, Barcelona,, Spain, (19) Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, (20) Japanese MAGIC, Consortium, Kyoto, Japan, (21) Institute for Nuclear Research, Nuclear, Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria, (22) Universita di Pisa, and INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy,, (23) Humboldt University of Berlin, Institut f\"ur Physik D-12489 Berlin, Germany, (24) also at Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Trieste,, I-34127 Trieste, Italy, (25) also at Port d'Informaci\'o Cient\'ifica (PIC), E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain,(26) Physics Division, Los Alamos, National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, (27) Instituto de F\'isica,, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, Ciudad de M\'exico, Mexico, (28), Universidad Aut\'onoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Guti\'errez, Chiapas, Mexico, (29), Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\'as de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico, (30), Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,, USA, (31) Department of Physics \& Astronomy, University of Rochester,, Rochester, NY, USA, (32) Instituto de Astronom\'ia, Universidad Nacional, Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, Ciudad de M\'exico, Mexico, (33) Department of, Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, (34) Instituto, Nacional de Astrof\'isica, \'optica y Electr\'onica, Puebla, Mexico, (35), Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 IFJ-PAN,, Krakow, Poland, (36) Facultad de Ciencias F\'isico Matem\'aticas,, Benem\'erita Universidad Aut\'onoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico, (37), Departamento de F\'isica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e, Ingenier\'ias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico, (38) School, of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University,, Fairfax, VA, USA, (39) Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College, Park, MD, USA, (40) Instituto de Geof\'isica, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma, de M\'exico, Ciudad de M\'exico, Mexico, (41) Department of Physics, Michigan, Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA, (42) NASA Marshall Space Flight, Center, Astrophysics Office, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA, (43) Max-Planck, Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, (44) Dept of, Physics, Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA, (45), School of Physics, Center for Relativistic Astrophysics - Georgia, Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA 30332,(46) Department of Physics, and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, (47), Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico, (48) Centro de, Investigaci\'on en Computaci\'on, Instituto Polit\'ecnico Nacional, Mexico, City, Mexico, (49) Physics Department, Centro de Investigaci\'on y de, Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, (50) Universidad, Aut\'onoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico, (51) Instituto de Ciencias, Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico, Ciudad de M\'exico,, Mexico, (52) Department of Physics, Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt, Lake City, UT, USA, (53) Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics,, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, (54) Department of, Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA, (55) Department, of Physics, Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA,, (56) Department of Physics, Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of, Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA, (57) Universit\`a di Pisa, Istituto, Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa, Italy, (58), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste,, Italy, (59) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste,, Italy, (60) California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Physics, and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA, (61) Dipartimento di Fisica "M., Merlin" dell'Universit\`a e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy,, (62) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari,, Italy, (63) W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for, Particle Astrophysics, Cosmology, Department of Physics, SLAC National, Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, (64), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino,, Italy, (65) Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a degli Studi di Torino,, I-10125 Torino, Italy, (66) Department of Physics, Astronomy, University, of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy, (67) NASA Goddard, Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, (68) Laboratoire Univers et, Particules de Montpellier, Universit\'e Montpellier, CNRS/IN2P3, F-34095, Montpellier, France, (69) Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, \'Ecole, polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France, (70) Center for, Research, Exploration in Space Science, Technology (CRESST), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, (71) INAF-Istituto di, Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Milano, via E. Bassini 15, I-20133, Milano, Italy, (72) Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge,, MA 02138, USA, (73) Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Roma, Italy, (74) Space Science Data Center - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via, del Politecnico, snc, I-00133, Roma, Italy, (75) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica, Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy, (76) Dipartimento di, Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei'', Universit\`a di Padova, I-35131 Padova,, Italy, (77) INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, I-40129 Bologna, Italy, (78), Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universit\`a di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy,, (79) Universit\`a Telematica Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48, I-80132, Napoli, Italy, (80) Grupo de Altas Energ\'ias, Universidad Complutense de, Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain, (81) Department of Physical Sciences,, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, (82), Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\"at Erlangen-N\"urnberg, Erlangen Centre for, Astroparticle Physics, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, (83), Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,, (84) Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Universit\'e Paris Diderot, Service, d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, (85) The George, Washington University, Department of Physics, 725 21st St, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA, (86) University of North Florida, Department of Physics, 1 UNF, Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA, (87) Science Institute, University of, Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland, (88) Nordita, Royal Institute of, Technology, Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden, (89) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di, Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy, (90) Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of, Technology, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, (91) The Oskar Klein, Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, (92), Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\`a degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia,, Italy, (93) Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University,, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan, (94) Istituto Nazionale di, Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", I-00133 Roma, Italy, (95), Department of Physics, Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208,, USA, (96) Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Istituto Nazionale di, Astrofisica, I-34143 Trieste, Italy, (97) Funded by contract, FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and, Research (MIUR), (98) Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, PO, Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa, (99) Institut f\"ur Astro- und, Teilchenphysik, Institut f\"ur Theoretische Physik,, Leopold-Franzens-Universit\"at Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, (100), NYCB Real-Time Computing Inc., Lattingtown, NY 11560-1025, USA, (101), Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601,, Japan, (102) Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Physik, D-80805 M\"unchen, Germany,, (103) Institute of Space Sciences (CSICIEEC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain, (104) Instituci\'o Catalana de Recerca i, Estudis Avan\c{c}ats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain, (105) INAF-Istituto, di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica Bologna, via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129, Bologna, Italy, (106) Praxis Inc., Alexandria, VA 22303, resident at Naval, Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA)

arXiv: 1901.03982 · 2019-12-02

## TL;DR

This study combines observations from HAWC, MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT to analyze three unassociated gamma-ray sources, revealing insights into their spatial extension, spectral properties, and potential pulsar wind nebula origins.

## Contribution

First joint analysis of HAWC, MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT data on unassociated sources, providing constraints on their size, spectrum, and nature.

## Key findings

- No significant detection in HE and VHE regimes.
- Minimum extension and spectral hardness are required for one source.
- Pulsar wind nebula hypothesis is explored.

## Abstract

The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalog of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E > 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E > 300 GeV) sources. This catalog motivated follow-up studies by both the MAGIC and Fermi-LAT observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between HAWC, MAGIC and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084* and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1 degree extension (at 95% confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, while a simply minimum extension of 0.16 degrees (at 95% confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.

## Full text

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## Figures

5 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1901.03982/full.md

## References

34 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1901.03982/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1901.03982