Aggregating Large-Scale Generalized Energy Storages to Participate in Energy Market and Regulation Market

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized energy storage concept and a real-time coordination framework that enables large-scale heterogeneous energy resources to participate efficiently in energy and regulation markets, reducing costs and improving demand satisfaction.

Contribution

It develops a unified modeling approach, demand curves, and an aggregate dynamic model for GESs, along with a market participation optimization framework.

Findings

Effective cost reduction for aggregators.

High accuracy in regulation market tracking.

Successful integration of diverse energy storage resources.

Abstract

This paper proposes a concept of generalized energy storage (GES) to facilitate the integration of large-scale heterogeneous flexible resources with electric/thermal energy storage capacity to participate in multiple markets. First, a generalized state variable referred to as degree of satisfaction (DoS) is defined, and dynamic models with a unified form are derived for different types of GESs. Second, a real-time market-based coordination framework is proposed to facilitate control, and ensure user privacy and device security. Demand curves of different GESs are then developed based on DoS to express their demand urgencies as well as flexibilities. Furthermore, a low-dimensional aggregate dynamic model of a GES cluster is derived thanks to the DoS-equality control feature provided by the design of demand curve. At last, an optimization model for a large-scale GESs to participate in both the energy market and regulation market is established based on the aggregate model. Simulations results demonstrate that the optimization algorithm could effectively reduce the total cost of an aggregator. Additionally, the proposed coordination method has high tracking accuracy and could well satisfy users' diversified power demand.