# Stability Results on Radial Porous Media and Hele-Shaw Flows with Variable Viscosity Between Two Moving Interfaces

## TL;DR

This paper conducts a linear stability analysis of three-layer radial flows with variable viscosity, deriving bounds on eigenvalues and identifying optimal viscosity profiles to understand flow stability.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel eigenvalue problem with time-dependent coefficients for analyzing flow stability with variable viscosity in multi-layer radial flows.

## Key findings

- Derived upper bounds on the eigenvalue spectrum.
- Characterized eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in $L^2$ space.
- Numerically computed eigenvalues and identified optimal viscosity profiles.

## Abstract

We perform a linear stability analysis of three-layer radial porous media and Hele-Shaw flows with variable viscosity in the middle layer. A nonlinear change of variables results in an eigenvalue problem that has time-dependent coefficients and eigenvalue-dependent boundary conditions. We study this eigenvalue problem and find upper bounds on the spectrum. We also give a characterization of the eigenvalues and prescribe a measure for which the eigenfunctions are complete in the corresponding $L^2$ space. The limit as the viscous gradient goes to zero is compared with previous results on multi-layer radial flows. We then numerically compute the eigenvalues and obtain, among other results, optimal profiles within certain classes of functions.