# CLOUDY view of the warm corona

## TL;DR

This study uses CLOUDY simulations to explore how the warm corona influences Fe II emission in active galaxies, improving understanding of the quasar main sequence and the physical conditions of broad line regions.

## Contribution

It demonstrates the significant role of the warm corona in reproducing Fe II emission patterns and highlights the importance of cloud properties and metallicity in modeling quasar spectra.

## Key findings

- Warm corona decreases Fe II emissivity dependence on Eddington ratio.
- Strong Fe II emission can result from high metallicity or shorter cloud distances.
- Fe II optical and UV emissions depend differently on turbulence and metallicity.

## Abstract

Bright active galaxies show a range of properties but many of these properties are correlated which has led to the concept of the Quasar Main Sequence. We test whether our current understanding of the quasar structure allows to reproduce the pattern observed in the optical plane formed by the kinematic line width of H$\beta$ and the relative importance of the Fe II optical emission. We performed simulations of the H$\beta$ and Fe II production using the code CLOUDY and well justified assumptions about the broad band spectra, distance of the emission line region, and the cloud properties. We show that the presence of the warm corona is an important element of the broad band spectrum which decreases the dependence of the relative Fe II emissivity on the Eddington ratio, and allows to reproduce the rare cases of the particularly strong Fe II emitters. Results are sensitive to the adopted cloud distance, and strong Fe II emission can be obtain either by adopting strongly super-solar metallicity, or much shorter distance than traditionally obtained from reverberation mapping. We modeled in a similar way the UV plane defined by the Mg II line and Fe II UV pseudo-continuum, but here our approach is less successful, in general overproducing the Fe II strength. We found that the Fe II optical and UV emissivity depend in a different way on the turbulent velocity and metallicity, and the best extension of the model in order to cover both planes is to allow very large turbulent velocities in the Broad Line Region clouds.