# Electron Radiated Power in Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy Experiments

## TL;DR

This paper derives the radio frequency signal in Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) experiments, showing it contains detailed information about electron energy and motion, enabling high-resolution energy measurements for neutrino mass experiments.

## Contribution

It provides a first-principles derivation of the CRES signal and identifies measurable parameters to determine electron kinetic energy accurately.

## Key findings

- Derived the expected RF signal from first principles.
- Identified measurable parameters for electron energy extraction.
- Supported high-resolution energy measurements in future CRES experiments.

## Abstract

The recently developed technique of Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) uses frequency information from the cyclotron motion of an electron in a magnetic bottle to infer its kinetic energy. Here we derive the expected radio frequency signal from an electron in a waveguide CRES apparatus from first principles. We demonstrate that the frequency-domain signal is rich in information about the electron's kinematic parameters, and extract a set of measurables that in a suitably designed system are sufficient for disentangling the electron's kinetic energy from the rest of its kinematic features. This lays the groundwork for high-resolution energy measurements in future CRES experiments, such as the Project 8 neutrino mass measurement.