# Measurement of Longitudinal Single-Spin Asymmetry for W$^\pm$ Production in Polarized Proton+Proton Collisions at STAR

## TL;DR

This paper reports on measurements of the single-spin asymmetry in W boson production in polarized proton-proton collisions at STAR, providing new insights into sea quark polarization and nucleon spin structure.

## Contribution

The study presents the most precise STAR measurements of W boson asymmetry from 2013 data, significantly improving constraints on sea quark helicity distributions compared to previous results.

## Key findings

- Indicates a flavor asymmetry with Δū(x) > Δd̄(x) for 0.05 < x < 0.25.
- Provides the most precise STAR W asymmetry measurements to date.
- Supports the flavor asymmetry in sea quark helicity distributions.

## Abstract

The sea quark contribution to the nucleon spin is an important piece for a complete understanding of the nucleon spin structure. The production of $W$ bosons in longitudinally polarized $p + p$ collisions at RHIC provides an unique probe for the sea quark polarization, through the parity-violating single-spin asymmetry, $A_L$. At the STAR experiment, $W$ bosons can be effectively detected through the leptonic decay channel $W \to e \nu $ with the Electromagnetic Calorimeters and Time Projection Chamber at mid-rapidity. The previous STAR measurements of $A_L$ for $W$ boson production from datasets taken in 2011 and 2012 have provided significant constraints on the helicity distribution functions of $\bar u$ and $\bar d$ quarks. In 2013 the STAR experiment collected $p+p$ data with an integrated luminosity of about 250 pb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt s$ = 510 GeV with an average beam polarization of about $56\%$, which is about three times the total integrated luminosity of previous years. The final $A_L$ results from the STAR 2013 data sample are presented and are also combined with previous 2011+2012 results. The comparison with theoretical expectations suggests a flavor asymmetry with $\Delta \bar{u}(x)$ $>$$\Delta \bar{d}(x)$ for sea quark helicity distributions with $0.05 < x < 0.25$.