# The effect of horizontal plasma inhomogeneities in 3D NLTE radiation transfer in stellar atmospheres

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates how horizontal plasma inhomogeneities in 3D stellar atmospheres significantly affect the emergent spectral line radiation, challenging the accuracy of traditional plane-parallel models.

## Contribution

The paper presents a self-consistent 3D NLTE radiative transfer analysis showing the impact of temperature inhomogeneities on stellar spectra, highlighting limitations of plane-parallel assumptions.

## Key findings

- Temperature inhomogeneities alter emergent radiation.
- Plane-parallel models can misinterpret atmospheric structure.
- 3D effects are crucial for accurate spectral analysis.

## Abstract

{We aim to demonstrate the effect of atmospheric inhomogeneities on the emergent specific intensity and radiation flux of a spectral line radiation.} {We self-consistently solve the NLTE problem for a two-level atom in a 3D atmosphere using the Cartesian grid. For that purpose, we use the 3D radiative transfer code PORTA. By examining simple examples, we study cases where the temperature inhomogeneities in the atmosphere models lead to the modification of the emergent radiation.} {We show that specific temperature inhomogeneities in the model atmospheres influence the emerging radiation, and that interpretation of the stellar spectra based on a plane-parallel atmosphere models can lead to erroneous conclusions about the atmospheric structure.}