# PELICAN: deeP architecturE for the LIght Curve ANalysis

## TL;DR

PELICAN is a deep learning architecture designed for light curve analysis, capable of classifying supernovae with high accuracy despite data sparsity and non-representative training sets, applicable to large astronomical surveys.

## Contribution

This paper introduces PELICAN, a novel deep learning model that effectively classifies light curves without additional features, handling irregular sampling and non-representative training data.

## Key findings

- Achieved 81.1% accuracy on Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge.
- Detected 87.4% of supernovae Ia with over 98% precision in simulated LSST data.
- Reached 86.8% accuracy on real SDSS data using simulated training data.

## Abstract

We developed a deeP architecturE for the LIght Curve ANalysis (PELICAN) for the characterization and the classification of light curves. It takes light curves as input, without any additional features. PELICAN can deal with the sparsity and the irregular sampling of light curves. It is designed to remove the problem of non-representativeness between the training and test databases coming from the limitations of the spectroscopic follow-up. We applied our methodology on different supernovae light curve databases. First, we evaluated PELICAN on the Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge for which we obtained the best performance ever achieved with a non-representative training database, by reaching an accuracy of 0.811. Then we tested PELICAN on simulated light curves of the LSST Deep Fields for which PELICAN is able to detect 87.4% of supernovae Ia with a precision higher than 98%, by considering a non-representative training database of 2k light curves. PELICAN can be trained on light curves of LSST Deep Fields to classify light curves of LSST main survey, that have a lower sampling rate and are more noisy. In this scenario, it reaches an accuracy of 96.5% with a training database of 2k light curves of the Deep Fields. It constitutes a pivotal result as type Ia supernovae candidates from the main survey might then be used to increase the statistics without additional spectroscopic follow-up. Finally we evaluated PELICAN on real data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. PELICAN reaches an accuracy of 86.8% with a training database composed of simulated data and a fraction of 10% of real data. The ability of PELICAN to deal with the different causes of non-representativeness between the training and test databases, and its robustness against survey properties and observational conditions, put it on the forefront of the light curves classification tools for the LSST era.