# Unified view of nonlinear wave structures associated with whistler-mode chorus

## TL;DR

This paper reveals that various nonlinear wave structures observed with whistler-mode chorus are all caused by the same electron trapping process, with the type of structure depending on the velocity ratio of resonant electrons.

## Contribution

It provides a unified explanation for different nonlinear wave structures associated with whistler-mode chorus, linking them to a common electron trapping mechanism.

## Key findings

- Different nonlinear wave structures originate from the same electron trapping process.
- The type of wave structure depends on the ratio of Landau resonant velocity to electron thermal velocity.
- The study offers a unified framework for understanding nonlinear wave phenomena in near-Earth space.

## Abstract

A range of nonlinear wave structures, including Langmuir waves, unipolar electric fields and bipolar electric fields, are often observed in association with whistler-mode chorus waves in the near-Earth space. We demonstrate that the three seemingly different nonlinear wave structures originate from the same nonlinear electron trapping process by whistler-mode chorus waves. The ratio of the Landau resonant velocity to the electron thermal velocity controls the type of nonlinear wave structures that will be generated.