Hardening and Strain Localisation in Helium-Ion-Implanted Tungsten

TL;DR

This study models how helium implantation causes localized hardening and strain localization in tungsten, using crystal plasticity simulations validated by experimental measurements, relevant for fusion reactor materials.

Contribution

It introduces a crystal plasticity finite element model that quantitatively predicts helium-induced strain localization in tungsten, incorporating defect obstacle effects with minimal fitting parameters.

Findings

Model accurately predicts pile-up and lattice distortions.

Strain localization confirmed by EBSD and TEM measurements.

Simulation aligns with Laue diffraction data.

Abstract

Tungsten is the main candidate material for plasma-facing armour components in future fusion reactors. In-service, fusion neutron irradiation creates lattice defects through collision cascades. Helium, injected from plasma, aggravates damage by increasing defect retention. Both can be mimicked using helium-ion-implantation. In a recent study on 3000 appm helium-implanted tungsten (W-3000He), we hypothesized helium-induced irradiation hardening, followed by softening during deformation. The hypothesis was founded on observations of large increase in hardness, substantial pile-up and slip-step formation around nano-indents and Laue diffraction measurements of localised deformation underlying indents. Here we test this hypothesis by implementing it in a crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) formulation, simulating nano-indentation in W-3000He at 300 K. The model considers thermally-activated dislocation glide through helium-defect obstacles, whose barrier strength is derived as a function of defect concentration and morphology. Only one fitting parameter is used for the simulated helium-implanted tungsten; defect removal rate. The simulation captures the localised large pile-up remarkably well and predicts confined fields of lattice distortions and geometrically necessary dislocation underlying indents which agree quantitatively with previous Laue measurements. Strain localisation is further confirmed through high resolution electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements on cross-section lift-outs from centre of nano-indents in W-3000He.