# Time Evolution of 3D Disk Formation with Misaligned Magnetic Field and Rotation Axes

## TL;DR

This study uses radiative transfer modeling to analyze the time evolution of 3D protostellar disk formation with misaligned magnetic fields, revealing complex structures and potential observational signatures.

## Contribution

It introduces a time-evolving analysis of MHD models with misaligned magnetic fields, highlighting diagnostic features observable with ALMA.

## Key findings

- Spiraling density, velocity, and polarization structures are identified.
- Distinctive features are present early and become more visible over time.
- Spiraling pseudodisk structures may serve as observational signatures of formation.

## Abstract

Distinguishing diagnostic observational signatures produced by MHD models is essential in understanding the physics for the formation of protostellar disks in the ALMA era. Developing suitable tools along with time evolution will facilitate better identification of diagnostic features. With a ray-tracing based radiative transfer code Perspective, we explore time evolution of MHD models carried out in Li, Krasnopolsky & Shang (2013) - most of which have $90^\circ$ misalignment between the rotational axis and the magnetic field. Four visible object types can be characterized, origins of which are dependent on the initial conditions. Our results show complex spiraling density, velocity and polarization structures. The systems are under constant change, but many of those distinctive features are present already early on, and they grow more visible in time, but most could not be identified from the data without examining their change in time. The results suggest that spiraling pseudodisk structures could function as an effective observation signature of the formation process, and we witness accretion in the disk with eccentric orbits which appear as spiral-like perturbation from simple circular Keplerian orbits. Magnetically aligned polarization appears purely azimuthal in the disk and magnetic field can lead to precession of the disk.