# Topological Landscape of Competing Charge Density Waves in 2H-NbSe2

## TL;DR

This paper uncovers the topological nature of competing charge density wave structures in 2H-NbSe2, revealing how their entanglement leads to incommensuration and complex domain landscapes, advancing understanding of phase coexistence.

## Contribution

It introduces the concept of topological excitations as key to understanding incommensurate CDWs and their phase competition in 2H-NbSe2, a novel perspective in the field.

## Key findings

- Identification of two competing CDW structures in 2H-NbSe2.
- Topological excitations entangle these structures, causing incommensuration.
- A network of topological excitations explains domain landscape complexity.

## Abstract

Despite decades of studies on charge density wave (CDW) of 2H-NbSe2, the origin of its incommensurate CDW ground state has not been understood. We discover that CDW of 2H-NbSe2 is composed of two different, energetically competing, structures. The lateral heterostructures of two CDWs are entangled as topological excitations, which give rise to a CDW phase shift and the incommensuration without a conventional domain wall. A partially melt network of the topological excitations and their vertices explain an unusual landscape of domains. The unconventional topological role of competing phases disclosed here can be widely applied to various incommensuration or phase coexistence phenomena in materials.