# Circular Motion and Energy Extraction in a Rotating Black Hole

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the dynamics of particles and photons around a rotating black hole within scalar-tensor-vector gravity, analyzing energy extraction processes, stability of orbits, and effects of black hole parameters.

## Contribution

It introduces new analysis of photon orbits, stability, and energy extraction efficiency in a scalar-tensor-vector gravity framework for rotating black holes.

## Key findings

- Photon orbit equations derived and analyzed.
- Energy extraction efficiency varies with black hole parameters.
- Stability regimes of photon orbits identified.

## Abstract

This paper explores the circular geodesics of neutral test particles on an equatorial plane around a rotating black hole. After using equations of motion of scalar-tensor-vector gravity with the circular geodesics of null-like particles, we find the equation of photon orbit. With the help of an effective potential form, we have examined the stable regimes of photons orbits. The Lyapunov exponent, as well as the effective force acting on photons, is also investigated. We examine the energy extraction from a black hole via Penrose process. Furthermore, we discuss the negative energy state and the efficiency of energy extraction. We have made compare our results with that obtained for some well known black holes models. We concluded that the efficiency of the energy extraction decreases with the increase of dimensionless parameter of theory and increases as spin parameter increases.