# Pair dispersion in inhomogeneous turbulent thermal convection

## TL;DR

This study experimentally investigates Lagrangian pair dispersion in turbulent thermal convection, revealing the impacts of large-scale circulation and turbulence fluctuations, and refining understanding of super-diffusive regimes.

## Contribution

It introduces a decomposition method to distinguish large-scale circulation effects from turbulence in pair dispersion, improving the interpretation of Lagrangian turbulence in thermal convection.

## Key findings

- Large-scale circulation significantly influences pair dispersion.
- Removing LSC effects reveals homogeneous turbulence statistics.
- Refined estimate of the Richardson constant for super-diffusive dispersion.

## Abstract

Due to large scale flow inhomogeneities and the effects of temperature, turbulence small-scale structure in thermal convection is still an active field of investigation, especially considering sophisticated Lagrangian statistics. Here we experimentally study Lagrangian pair dispersion (one of the canonical problems of Lagrangian turbulence) in a Rayleigh-B\'enard convection cell. A sufficiently high temperature difference is imposed on a horizontal layer of fluid to observe a turbulent flow. We perform Lagrangian tracking of sub-millimetric particles on a large measurement volume including part of the Large Scale Circulation (LSC) revealing some large inhomogeneities. Our study brings to light several new insights regarding our understanding of turbulent thermal convection: (i) by decomposing particle Lagrangian dynamics into the LSC contribution and the turbulent fluctuations, we highlight the relative impact of both contributions on pair dispersion; (ii) using the same decomposition, we estimate the Eulerian second-order velocity structure functions from pair statistics and show that after removing the LSC contribution, the remaining statistics recover usual homogeneous and isotropic behaviours which are governed by a local energy dissipation rate to be distinguished from the global dissipation rate classically used to characterise turbulence in thermal convection; and (iii) we revisit the super-diffusive Richardson-Obukhov regime of particle dispersion and propose a refined estimate of the Richardson constant.