Using Selmer Groups to compute Mordell-Weil Groups of Elliptic Curves

TL;DR

This thesis explores how Selmer groups can be utilized to compute the Mordell-Weil groups of elliptic curves over number fields, linking the rank determination to rational points on homogeneous spaces.

Contribution

It introduces a method to compute the rank of elliptic curves by analyzing Selmer groups and homogeneous spaces, assuming the finiteness of the Shafarevich-Tate group.

Findings

Rank of elliptic curves over Q with j-invariant 1728 determined in certain cases

Method connects Selmer groups to rational points on homogeneous spaces

Under finiteness assumption, provides a way to compute Mordell-Weil groups

Abstract

This master thesis describes how Selmer groups can be used to determine the Mordell-Weil group of elliptic curves over a number field K. The Mordell-Weil Theorem states that $E(K) = E(K)_{tors} \times Z^r$, where $r$ is the rank of $E$, and $E(K)_{tors}$ is the torsion subgroup, i.e. the group of points of finite order in $E(K)$. The group $E(K)_{tors}$ is finite and well understood. So, one tries to find a way to determine the rank $r$ of $E$, which is the major problem. The procedure described in this thesis shows how to transfer the computation of the weak Mordell-Weil group $E(K)/mE(K)$ to the existence or non-existence of a rational point on certain curves, called homogeneous spaces. If one can find some completion $K_v$ of $K$ such that the homogeneous space has no points in $K_v$, then it follows that it has no points in $K$. Under the assumption that the Shafarevich-Tate group is finite, the rank of Elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ with $j$-invariant $1728$ is fully determined in certain cases.