# Procedure of simulations for Evaluations of Transient Parameters Stability for RF Cavities Due to Effects of Pulsed RF Heating

## TL;DR

This paper presents a simulation procedure for analyzing transient thermal and elastic deformations in RF cavities caused by pulsed RF heating, crucial for ensuring cavity stability and performance.

## Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive simulation method combining thermal and elastic effects for RF cavity PRFH analysis, validated with test results.

## Key findings

- Simulations can accurately predict cavity frequency shifts due to PRFH.
- Transient thermo-elastic deformations occur within microseconds.
- The method ensures high precision in modeling PRFH effects.

## Abstract

The Pulsed RF Heating (PRFH) is the well known effect in the development of high gradient accelerating cavities. There is a lot of research dedicated to the tolerable strength of electromagnetic field and the corresponding temperature rise leading to the surface degradation and cavity performance violation. To provide high quality of electron bunches, RF gun cavities operate in electron sources with high electric, and hence, magnetic RF fields. Being at the safe side with respect to cavity surface degradation, related to the PRFH result for S band in essentially transient thermal deformations, leading to the cavity frequency shift and quality factor change even within a few microseconds in the RF pulse. Thermo-elastic deformations consist of slow heat propagation from the cavity surface and fast elastic wave propagation from the very thin heated surface layer inside the cavity body with different in five orders typical velocities. For simulations of PRFH effects for more or less practical cavity design we can get results only in direct numerical simulations with certified software like ANSYS. The critical issue for such direct simulations is to combine in a single model the possibility of correct description for such qualitatively different process and to prove the reasonable precision of simulations. This report describes the procedure for simulation of PRFH related transient thermo-elastic deformations in S band cavities. The results of test simulations are presented to show the relative precision of simulations.