# The Zeeman Effect in the 44 GHz Class I Methanol (CH3OH) Maser Line Toward DR21W

## TL;DR

This paper reports the first detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line in DR21W, revealing magnetic field strengths that suggest magnetic fields influence the dynamics of shocked gas in star-forming regions.

## Contribution

It provides the first measurement of magnetic fields via Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz methanol maser line, linking magnetic field strength to shock conditions in star-forming regions.

## Key findings

- Detected Zeeman effect with a magnetic field of about 25 mG in DR21W.
- Magnetic fields in pre-shock gas estimated at 0.1-0.8 mG, consistent with other measurements.
- Magnetic energy density likely influences the dynamics of post-shock gas.

## Abstract

We report the detection of the Zeeman effect in the 44 GHz Class I methanol maser line toward the high mass star forming region DR21W. There are two prominent maser spots in DR21W at the ends of a northwest-southeast linear arrangement. For the maser at the northwestern end (maser A), we fit three Gaussian components. In the strongest component, we obtain a significant Zeeman detection, with $zB_{\rm los}=-23.4\pm3.2$ Hz. If we use $z=-0.920$ Hz mG$^{-1}$ for the $F=5 \rightarrow 4$ hyperfine transition, this corresponds to a magnetic field $|B_{\rm los}|=25.4$ mG; $B_{\rm los}$ would be higher if a different hyperfine was responsible for the 44 GHz maser, but our results also rule out some hyperfines, since fields in these regions cannot be hundreds of mG. Class I methanol masers form in outflows where shocks compress magnetic fields in proportion to gas density. Designating our detected $B_{\rm los}=25$ mG as the magnetic field in the post-shock gas, we find that $B_{\rm los}$ in the pre-shock gas should be 0.1-0.8 mG. Although there are no thermal-line Zeeman detections toward DR21W, such values are in good agreement with Zeeman measurements in the CN thermal line of 0.36 and 0.71 mG about $3.5'$ away in DR21(OH) in gas of comparable density to the pre-shock gas density in DR21W. Comparison of our derived magnetic energy density to the kinetic energy density in DR21W indicates that magnetic fields likely play a significant role in shaping the dynamics of the post-shocked gas in DR21W.