Selection of cyanobacteria over green algae in a photo-sequencing batch bioreactor fed with wastewater

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that specific hydraulic and nutritional conditions in photo-sequencing batch reactors can effectively select for cyanobacteria over green algae in wastewater treatment, optimizing biomass production and nutrient removal.

Contribution

It is the first to evaluate the impact of hydraulic regimes on microbial competition and nutrient dynamics to favor cyanobacteria in wastewater bioreactors.

Findings

PSBR6 achieved 70% cyanobacteria dominance.

Nutrient limitation and hydraulic retention time influenced microbial selection.

Cyanobacteria biomass increased significantly under optimized conditions.

Abstract

A strategy based on photo sequencing batch operation was used to select cyanobacteria over unsettled green algae in a wastewater treatment system, evaluating for the first time the effect of hydraulic regimes on nutritional dynamics and microorganisms competition. During 30 days of operation, an initial microalgae mixed consortia dominated by the green microalgae Scenedesmus sp. was cultivated in two different photo-sequencing batch reactors operated at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 days (PSBR6) and 4 days (PSBR4) at a theoretical solids retention time (SRT) of 10 d. Both reactors were compared with a semi-continuous reactor (SC10) operated at 10 d of HRT and 10 days of SRT (used as a control). The results indicated that PSBR6 and PSBR4 decreased Scenedesmus sp. population by 88% and 48%, respectively. However, only PSBR6 provided suitable conditions to select cyanobacteria from an initial green algae dominated culture. These conditions included volumetric loads of 11.72 mg TN L-1d-1, 2.04 mg TP L-1d-1 and 53.31 mg TOC L-1d-1. The remaining nutrients in the culture led also to a phosphorus limiting N:P ratio (34:1) that improved the increase of cyanobacteria from an initial 2% until 70% of the total population. In addition, PSBR6 reached a biomass production of 0.12 g L-1d-1, while removing TN, TP and TOC by 58%, 83% and 85%, respectively. Conversely, the application of higher nutrients loads caused by lower HRT (PSBR4) led to an increase of only 13% of cyanobacteria while SC10 remained with the same biomass composition during all the experimental time. Thus, this study showed that the dominance of cyanobacteria in microalgal based wastewater treatment systems can be controlled by the operational and nutritional conditions. This knowledge could contribute to control microalgae contamination from up-scaling cyanobacterial biomass production in wastewater treatment systems.