# Big Bang nucleosynthesis in a weakly non-ideal plasma

## TL;DR

This paper explores how a weakly non-ideal primordial plasma, deviating from the standard ideal assumptions, can resolve the primordial lithium problem by modifying photon distributions using Tsallis statistics.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel correction to Big Bang nucleosynthesis by considering non-ideal plasma effects, specifically photon distribution deviations, to address the lithium problem.

## Key findings

- Photon distribution deviations can resolve the lithium problem.
- Weakly non-ideal plasma affects early Universe evolution.
- Tsallis statistics effectively model non-ideal plasma effects.

## Abstract

We propose a correction of the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) scenario to resolve the primordial lithium problem by considering a possibility that the primordial plasma can deviate from the ideal state. In the standard BBN, the primordial plasma is assumed to be ideal, with particles and photons satisfying the Maxwell-Boltzmann and Planck distribution, respectively. We suggest that this assumption of the primordial plasma being ideal might oversimplify the early Universe and cause the lithium problem. We find that deviation of photon distribution from the Planck distribution, which is parameterised with the help of Tsallis statistics, can resolve the primordial lithium problem when the particle distributions of the primordial plasma still follow the MaxwellBoltzmann distribution. We discuss how the primordial plasma can be weakly non-ideal in this specific fashion and its effects on the cosmic evolution.