# An Interaction-Driven Many-Particle Quantum Heat Engine: Universal Behavior

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum heat engine driven by interactions in a many-particle system, revealing universal efficiency behavior at low temperatures and demonstrating maximum work at criticality with potential for spin-based work outcoupling.

## Contribution

It presents a novel interaction-driven quantum heat engine with universal low-temperature efficiency and explores maximum work at criticality using an interacting Bose gas.

## Key findings

- Efficiency becomes universal at low temperatures governed by Luttinger liquid velocity ratio.
- Maximum average work per particle occurs at criticality.
- Proposes a spin-dependent interaction mechanism for work outcoupling.

## Abstract

A quantum heat engine (QHE) based on the interaction driving of a many-particle working medium is introduced. The cycle alternates isochoric heating and cooling strokes with both interaction-driven processes that are simultaneously isochoric and isentropic. When the working substance is confined in a tight waveguide, the efficiency of the cycle becomes universal at low temperatures and governed by the ratio of velocities of a Luttinger liquid. We demonstrate the performance of the engine with an interacting Bose gas as a working medium and show that the average work per particle is maximum at criticality. We further discuss a work outcoupling mechanism based on the dependence of the interaction strength on the external spin degrees of freedom.