# Activity variation driven by flux emergence and transport on Sun-like stars

## TL;DR

This study models how flux emergence and transport influence activity patterns on Sun-like stars with faster rotation, revealing surface magnetic distributions that align with observations.

## Contribution

It introduces a numerical platform combining flux tube dynamics and surface flux transport to simulate activity cycles on rapidly rotating Sun-like stars.

## Key findings

- Surface magnetic distributions match observed starspot patterns.
- Flux emergence rates significantly affect activity cycle characteristics.
- Model predicts latitudinal flux distributions consistent with stellar observations.

## Abstract

In G dwarfs, the surface distribution, coverage and lifetimes of starspots deviate from solar-like patterns as the rotation rate increases. We set up a numerical platform which includes the large-scale rotational and surface flow effects, aiming to simulate evolving surface patterns over an activity cycle for up to 8 times the solar rotation and flux emergence rates. At the base of the convection zone, we assume a solar projected butterfly diagram. We then follow the rotationally distorted trajectories of rising thin flux tubes to obtain latitudes and tilt angles. Using them as source distributions, we run a surface flux transport model with solar parameters. Our model predicts surface distributions of the signed radial fields and the starspots that qualitatively agree with observations.