# Solar bursts as can be observed from the lunar farside with a single antenna at very low frequencies

## TL;DR

This study demonstrates that solar drift pairs can be detected at very low frequencies using a single crossed active dipole, providing valuable insights for future lunar low-frequency radio telescopes.

## Contribution

It shows that a single crossed active dipole can effectively detect solar drift pairs, informing the design of future lunar low-frequency radio telescopes.

## Key findings

- Forward DPs are more common at lower frequencies.
- Reverse DPs are more likely at meter wavelengths.
- Single crossed active dipoles can detect solar radio bursts.

## Abstract

Earth-based observations are complicated by the opacity of Earth's ionosphere at very low frequencies and strong man-made radio frequency interference. This explains long standing interest in building a low frequency radio telescope on the farside of the Moon. Experience from ground-based observations near the ionospheric cutoff in dealing with the interference, ionosphere, and wide-field imaging/dynamic range problems provides crucial information for future radioastronomic experiments on the Moon. In this purpose we observed non-intensive solar bursts on the example of solar drift pairs (DP) at decameter-meter wavelengths with large and small arrays as well as by a single crossed active dipole. We used the large Ukrainian radio telescope UTR-2, the URAN-2 array, a subarray of the Giant Ukrainian radio telescope (GURT) and a single crossed active dipole to get the spectral properties of radio bursts at the frequency range of 8-80 MHz during solar observations on July 12, 2017. Statistical analysis of upper and lower frequencies, at which DPs are recorded, shows that the occurrence of forward DPs is more preferable at lower frequencies of the decameter range of observations in comparison with reverse DPs generated more likely at meter wavelengths. We conclude that DPs can be detected not only by antenna arrays, but even by a single crossed active dipole. Thus the latter antenna has a good potential for future low-frequency radio telescopes on the Moon.