# Temperature oscillations of a gas moving close to circular geodesic in Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how temperature oscillations in a gas near circular geodesic motion are affected by the charge in Reissner-Nordström spacetime, revealing opposite effects of mass and charge on oscillation properties.

## Contribution

It derives expressions for temperature oscillations considering charge effects and analyzes their impact across various compact objects, highlighting the charge's inverse influence compared to mass.

## Key findings

- Charge increases lead to higher oscillation frequencies and amplitudes.
- Mass increase reduces oscillation frequencies and amplitudes.
- Frequency ratios are close to 3/2, matching observed QPO ratios in X-ray binaries.

## Abstract

The objective of this work is to analyze the temperature oscillations that occur in a gas in a circular motion under the action of a Reissner-Nordstr\"om gravitational field, verifying the effect of the charge term of the metric on the oscillations. The expression for temperature oscillations follows from Tolman's law written in Fermi normal coordinates for a comoving observer. The motion of the gas is close to geodesic so the equation of geodesic deviation was used to obtain the expression for temperature oscillations. Then these oscillations are calculated for some compact stars, quark stars, black holes and white dwarfs, using values of electric charge and mass from models found in the literature. Comparing the various models analyzed, it is possible to verify that the role of the charge is the opposite of the mass. While the increase of the mass produces a reduction in the frequencies, amplitude and in the ratio between the frequencies, the increase of the electric charge produces the inverse effect. In addition, it is shown that if the electric charge is proportional to the mass, the ratio between the frequencies does not depend on the mass, but only on the proportionality factor between charge and mass. The ratios between the frequencies for all the models analyzed (except for supermassive black holes in the extreme limit situations) are close to the $3/2$ ratio for twin peak quasi-periodic oscillation frequencies, observed in many galactic black holes and neutron star sources in low-mass X-ray binaries.