# Neutron and muon-induced background studies for the AMoRE double-beta decay experiment

## TL;DR

This paper evaluates neutron and muon-induced backgrounds for the AMoRE-II neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment using Geant4 simulations to optimize shielding strategies ensuring ultra-low background levels.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed simulation-based assessment of background sources and proposes shielding solutions to achieve the required background suppression for AMoRE-II.

## Key findings

- Background levels meet the <10^{-5} counts/(keV·kg·yr) requirement with proposed shielding.
- Neutron-induced backgrounds are effectively mitigated by optimized shielding.
- Muon-induced backgrounds are minimized to acceptable levels.

## Abstract

AMoRE (Advanced Mo-based Rare process Experiment) is an experiment to search a neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo in molybdate crystals. The neutron and muon-induced backgrounds are crucial to obtain the zero-background level (<$10^{-5}$ counts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr)) for the AMoRE-II experiment, which is the second phase of the AMoRE project, planned to run at YEMI underground laboratory. To evaluate the effects of neutron and muon-induced backgrounds, we performed Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations and studied a shielding strategy for the AMORE-II experiment. Neutron-induced backgrounds were also included in the study. In this paper, we estimated the background level in the presence of possible shielding structures, which meet the background requirement for the AMoRE-II experiment.