Magnetic hard nanobubble: a possible magnetization structure behind the bi-skyrmion

TL;DR

This study uses the transport of intensity equation to analyze magnetic nanobubbles in LTEM images, revealing that processing parameters can induce bi-skyrmion structures, advancing understanding of magnetic topologies.

Contribution

It demonstrates how TIE processing parameters influence the magnetization features and can induce bi-skyrmions in magnetic nanobubbles.

Findings

TIE processing can modulate magnetic features.

Bi-spiral structures can be induced as bi-skyrmions.

Analysis applies to both simulated and experimental images.

Abstract

Transport of intensity equation (TIE) has been applied to process the simulated and experimental images of the magnetic hard nanobubbles, which were acquired in the Lorentz transmission electron microscope (LTEM). Systematic studies demonstrated that the processing parameter in TIE can modulate the features of the retrieved magnetization and induce the bi-spiral structures which may be identified as the bi-skyrmions.