# Characteristics of Plasmon Transmittivity Over Potential Barriers

## TL;DR

This paper models plasmon transmittivity over potential barriers using a Schrödinger-Poisson framework, revealing unique two-scale oscillations, an energy gap, and quantum beating effects relevant for nanotechnology and plasmonic applications.

## Contribution

It introduces a coupled pseudoforce model for plasmons, highlighting their distinct wave characteristics and tunneling behavior over potential barriers, advancing understanding of plasmon transport.

## Key findings

- Plasmon wave function exhibits two different wave numbers.
- Transmittivity shows oscillatory behavior similar to quantum particles.
- Existence of an energy gap below which no plasmon excitations occur.

## Abstract

In this paper we use the Schr\"{o}dinger-Poisson model to obtain a linear coupled pseudoforce system from which the wave function and the electrostatic potential of the free electron gas plasmon is deduced. It is shown that unlike for single particle wave function the plasmon wave function and corresponding electrostatic potential are characterized with two different wave numbers associated with two distinct characteristic length scales, namely, that of the single electron oscillation and of the collective Langmuir excitations. Interaction of plasmon with a rectangular potential step/well indicates features common with that of the ordinary single quantum particle. However, the two-tone oscillation character of the wave function and potential appear on the transmitted amplitude over the potential barrier/well. The plasmon propagation is found to have a distinct energy gap corresponding to the plasmon energy value of $\epsilon_g=\mu_0+2\epsilon_p$ below which no plasmon excitations occur. For instance, the zero-point plasmon excitation energy for Aluminium, is around $\epsilon_0\simeq 41.7$eV at room temperature, with the Fermi energy of $\epsilon_F\simeq 11.7$eV and plasmon energy of $\epsilon_p\simeq 15$eV. It is seen that for plasmon energies very close to the energy gap, i.e. where the two characteristic scales match ($k_1\simeq k_2$), the quantum beating effect takes place. The study of plasmon tunneling through the potential barrier indicates that the transmittivity has oscillatory behavior similar to that of a quantum particle tunneling through the potentials, but, with a characteristic two-tone oscillatory profiles. Current development can have a broad range of applications in plasmon transport through diverse free electron environments with arbitrary degeneracy and electron temperature. It also makes progress in rapidly growing nanotechnology and plasmonic fields.