# Thermodynamics in Single-Electron Circuits and Superconducting Qubits

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the thermal phenomena, measurement techniques, and information-theoretic aspects of thermodynamics in single-electron and superconducting quantum circuits, highlighting recent experimental advances and the role of Maxwell's demon.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in quantum thermodynamics within superconducting circuits and single-electron systems, emphasizing experimental realizations of Maxwell's demon.

## Key findings

- Review of thermal phenomena in quantum nanostructures
- Description of thermometry and refrigeration methods
- Discussion of experimental Maxwell's demons in circuits

## Abstract

Classical and quantum electronic circuits provide ideal platforms to investigate stochastic thermodynamics and they have served as a stepping stone to realize Maxwell's demons with highly controllable protocols. In this article we first review the central thermal phenomena in quantum nanostructures. Thermometry and basic refrigeration methods will be described as enabling tools for thermodynamics experiments. Next we discuss the role of information in thermodynamics which leads to the concept of Maxwell's demon. Various Maxwell's demons realized in single-electron circuits over the past couple of years will be described. Currently true quantum thermodynamics in superconducting circuits is in focus of attention, and we end the review by discussing the ideas and first experiments in this exciting area of research.