# Configurational stability of a crack propagating in a material with mode-dependent fracture energy - Part I: Mixed-mode I+III

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how the stability of a propagating crack in a material depends on the relationship between fracture energy and mode mixity, proposing a new model that aligns better with experimental observations.

## Contribution

It introduces a constitutive relationship between fracture energy and mode mixity ratio, improving the prediction of crack instability thresholds in mixed-mode I+III fracture.

## Key findings

- Lowered the predicted instability threshold to match experimental data.
- Derived formulas for stress intensity factors and energy release rate distributions.
- Showed that mode-dependent fracture energy significantly influences crack stability.

## Abstract

In a previous paper (Leblond et al., 2011), we proposed a theoretical interpretation of the experimentally well known instability of coplanar crack propagation in mode I+III. The interpretation relied on a stability analysis based on analytical expressions of the stress intensity factors for a crack slightly perturbed both within and out of its original plane, due to Gao and Rice (1986) and Movchan et al. (1998), coupled with a double propagation criterion combining Griffith's energetic condition and principle of local symmetry. Under such assumptions instability modes were indeed evidenced for values of the mode mixity ratio of the mode III to mode I stress intensity factors applied remotely larger than some threshold depending only on Poisson's ratio. Unfortunately, the predicted thresholds were much larger than those generally observed for typical values of this material parameter. While the subcritical character of the nonlinear bifurcation from coplanar to fragmented fronts has been proposed as a possible explanation for this discrepancy (Chen et al., 2015), we propose here an alternative explanation based on the introduction of a constitutive relationship between the fracture energy and the mode mixity ratio, which is motivated by experimental observations. By reexamining the linear stability analysis of a planar propagating front, we show that such a relationship suffices, provided that it is strong enough, to lower significantly the threshold value of the mode mixity ratio for instability so as to bring it in a range more consistent with experiments. Interesting formulae are also derived for the distributions of the perturbed stress intensity factors and energy release rate, in the special case of perturbations of the crack surface and front obeying the principle of local symmetry and having reached a stationary state.