# Nondipole effects in atomic dynamic interference

## TL;DR

This paper investigates nondipole effects in atomic dynamic interference by solving the TDSE for hydrogen, revealing momentum shifts in photoelectrons caused by nondipole corrections and analyzing their origin and impact on interference patterns.

## Contribution

It introduces a semi-analytical model incorporating nondipole corrections to explain momentum shifts in photoelectrons during atomic dynamic interference.

## Key findings

- Nondipole corrections induce measurable momentum shifts in photoelectrons.
- The shifts are proportional to laser intensity and electron momentum along the propagation.
- Dynamic interference persists despite the momentum shifts, affecting the energy spectrum.

## Abstract

Nondipole effects in the atomic dynamic interference are investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation~(TDSE) of hydrogen. It is found that the inclusion of nondipole corrections in the TDSE can induce momentum shifts of photoelectrons in the opposite direction of the laser propagation. The magnitude of the momentum shift is roughly proportional to the laser peak intensity and to the momentum component of the photoelectron along the laser propagation. By including the nondipole corrections of the Volkov phase into a semi-analytical model previously developed under the dipole approximation, all the main features of the momentum shifts can be nicely reproduced. Through an analytic expression, the origin of such momentum shifts is attributed to the nondipole phase difference between the two electron wave packets ejected in the rising edge and the falling edge, which will interfere with each other and result in the final fringe pattern. One important consequence of such momentum shifts is that they can smooth out the peak splitting induced by the dynamic interference in the photoelectron energy spectrum. Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that the dynamic interference persists in the photoelectron momentum distributions and is not suppressed at all for the laser parameters considered in this work.