# Towards Experimental P-systems using multivesicular liposomes

## TL;DR

This paper explores the experimental creation of P-systems using multivesicular liposomes, detailing protocols, characterizations, and methods for embedding symbols to advance biological-inspired computing models.

## Contribution

It introduces an experimental protocol for producing multivesicular liposomes suitable for P-systems and discusses embedding techniques and current limitations.

## Key findings

- Successful electroformation of multivesicular liposomes
- Multiple methods demonstrated for embedding symbols
- Analysis of liposome stability and internal structure

## Abstract

P-systems are abstract computational models inspired by the phospholipid bilayer membranes generated by biological cells. Illustrated here is a mechanism by which recursive liposome structures (multivesicular liposomes) may be experimentally produced through electroformation of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) films for use in `real' P-systems. We first present the electroformation protocol and microscopic characterisation of incident liposomes towards estimating the size of computing elements, level of internal compartment recursion, fault tolerance and stability. Following, we demonstrate multiple routes towards embedding symbols, namely modification of swelling solutions, passive diffusion and microinjection. Finally, we discuss how computing devices based on P-systems can be produced and their current limitations.