# Gap prediction in hybrid graphene - hexagonal boron nitride nanoflakes using artificial neural networks

## TL;DR

This study combines density functional theory and machine learning to predict and analyze the energy gaps in hybrid graphene-hBN nanoflakes, enabling efficient design of nanostructures with tailored electronic properties.

## Contribution

The paper introduces two neural network models that accurately predict energy gaps in graphene-hBN nanoflakes, considering atomic details and structural features.

## Key findings

- ANN models achieve high accuracy in gap prediction
- Energy gaps increase with larger hBN domains
- Structural inputs enable potential scaling to larger systems

## Abstract

The electronic properties graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) with embedded hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) domains are investigated by combined {\it ab initio} density functional theory calculations and machine learning techniques. The energy gaps of the quasi-0D graphene based systems, defined as the differences between LUMO and HOMO energies, depend on the sizes of the hBN domains relative to the size of the pristine graphene nanoflake, but also on the position of the hBN domain. The range of the energy gaps for different configurations is increasing as the hBN domains get larger. We develop two artificial neural network (ANN) models able to reproduce the gap energies with high accuracies and investigate the tunability of the energy gap, by considering a set of GNFs with embedded rectangular hBN domains. In one ANN model, the input is in one-to-one correspondence with the atoms in the GNF, while in the second model the inputs account for basic structures in the GNF, allowing potential use in up-scaled structures. We perform a statistical analysis over different configurations of ANNs to optimize the network structure. The trained ANNs provide a correlation between the atomic system configuration and the magnitude of the energy gaps, which may be regarded as an efficient tool for optimizing the design of nanostructured graphene based materials for specific electronic properties.