# Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions and Neutral Gauge Bosons

## TL;DR

This paper explores how new flavor-sensitive $Z'$ gauge bosons can induce non-standard neutrino interactions, analyzing constraints from various experiments and the effects of different mixing mechanisms.

## Contribution

It provides a comprehensive comparison of experimental limits on NSI from multiple sources for anomaly-free $U(1)'$ models and discusses how mixing mechanisms influence NSI signals.

## Key findings

- Kinetic $Z$-$Z'$ mixing can lead to vanishing NSI in long-baseline experiments without direct matter coupling.
- Mass mixing between $Z$ and $Z'$ can generate NSI, implying the existence of a Higgs charged under both symmetries.
- Flavor structure of $U(1)'$ models can suppress or enhance NSI signals depending on the model configuration.

## Abstract

We investigate Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions (NSI) arising from a flavor-sensitive $Z'$ boson of a new $U(1)'$ symmetry. We compare the limits from neutrino oscillations, coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, and $Z'$ searches at different beam and collider experiments for a variety of straightforward anomaly-free $U(1)'$ models generated by linear combinations of $B-L$ and lepton-family-number differences $L_\alpha-L_\beta$. Depending on the flavor structure of those models it is easily possible to avoid NSI signals in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments or change the relative importance of the various experimental searches. We also point out that kinetic $Z$-$Z'$ mixing gives vanishing NSI in long-baseline experiments if a direct coupling between the $U(1)'$ gauge boson and matter is absent. In contrast, $Z$-$Z'$ mass mixing generates such NSI, which in turn means that there is a Higgs multiplet charged under both the Standard Model and the new $U(1)'$ symmetry.