# Optical second harmonic generation from interfaces between heavy and ferromagnetic metals

## TL;DR

This study uses optical second harmonic generation to detect chiral magnetic states at heavy metal/ferromagnet interfaces, revealing surface-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and related nonlinear effects.

## Contribution

It demonstrates the application of SHG to observe magnetization-induced effects and chiral magnetic states at interfaces, a novel surface-sensitive approach.

## Key findings

- Magnetization-induced variation in SHG intensity observed
- Chiral magnetic states confirmed at heavy metal/ferromagnet interfaces
- Nonlinear chiroptical effects proportional to dc polarization identified

## Abstract

Surfaces and interfaces of magnetic nanostructures can reveal rather interesting and unusual properties that differ substantially from those of bulky materials. Here we apply the surface-sensitive method of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) for the studies of magnetization induced effects that appear in the nonlinear reflection from interfaces between ferromagnetic (Co) and heavy metals (Pt, Ta, W, Au, Ag, Cu). We demonstrate the appearance of magnetization induced variation in the p-polarized SHG intensity in the geometry of the longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr effect that is forbidden for homogeneous magnetic structures. This confirms the existence of chiral magnetic states at heavy metal/ferromagnet interfaces that appear due to the surface-induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The related nonlinear chiroptical effect in the SHG intensity is proportional to the dc flexo-electric polarization that is shown to exist for chiral magnetic states at the considered interfaces.