# The influence of physical and mental constraints to a stream of people through a bottleneck

## TL;DR

This study investigates how physical and mental constraints affect crowd movement through bottlenecks, revealing that heterogeneity significantly influences safety-related performance metrics.

## Contribution

It provides experimental data on heterogeneous crowd movement, highlighting the impact of disabilities and individual behaviors on evacuation dynamics.

## Key findings

- Heterogeneity affects key performance metrics like density and velocity.
- Complex behaviors influence crowd flow and safety.
- New insights into individual density-velocity relationships are presented.

## Abstract

Understanding movement in heterogeneous groups is important for a meaningful evaluation of evacuation prediction and for a proper design of buildings. The understanding of interactions and influencing factors in heterogeneous groups on key performance figures is fundamental for a safe design. This contribution presents results of experimental studies on movement of a crowd through a bottleneck involving participants with and without disabilities. High precise trajectories of the attendees extracted from video recordings were used to calculate density and velocity of the participants. Besides the well-established fundamental diagram new insights into the individual relation between density and velocity are discussed. A complex structure and considerate behaviour in movement implicates a strong influence of the heterogeneity on key performance values of safe movement.

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1812.03697